John 'Lackland' King Of ENGLAND

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: John Plantagenet
• Fact: Between 1199 and 1216, King of England
• Crowned: 27 May 1199, Westminster Abbey

Notes:

[Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01364
Reigned 1199-1216. Signed Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede. His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he has lost several continental possesions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160. King of Ireland 1177, Count of Mortain 1189, Earl of Gloucester.Called Lackland because by the time he was born, his older brothers' inheritances had been decided, and there was little left for him (Warren, King John, pg 28). Barber, The Devil's Crown, pg 53 states: that "no provision was made for John, who, born nine years after the last son's birth, was too young to be considered in an age when infant mortality was very high."

Name:
John of England (Lackland), brother and heir, youngest son, was born at Oxford on 24 Dec 1167. His father's attempt to provide territory in France for him provoked rebellion by is older brothers. His father granted him the lordship of Ireland in 1177, and arranged his succession to the earldom of Gloucester. His father's continued favour to him contributed to the rebellion of John's older brother Richard I, though at the end of Henry's reign John deserted his father to support Richard who, on accession as King in 1189, made John Comte de Mortagne in Normandy. John was married for the first tine at Marlebridge on 29 Aug 1189 to Isabel of Gloucester, Countess of Gloucester, youngest daughter and co-heiress of William FitzRobert, Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester. Henry had arranged the marriage before his death, but it was delayed because Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, had forbidden it on account of consanguinity (the were both great-grandchildren of King Henry I). On appeal to Rome the papal legate in England annulled the Archbishop's interdict. John became Earl of Gloucester 'jure uxoris'. Richard, who was childless, acknowledged that his successor as King of England was his and John's nephew Arthur, son of their deceased brother Geoffrey. While Richard was on crusade John broke his promise not to enter England during Richard's absence and, on learning of Richard's imprisonment in Germany, attempted, though unsuccessfully, to seize control of England. On Richard's return John was banished and disinherited though he was pardoned and recognized as heir when Arthur fell into the hands of the king of France, Philippe II. On the death of Richard in 1199, John took the Throne, and was crowned King of England on Ascension Day 27 May 1199. In 1199, through the Archbishop of Bordeaux and the Bishops of Poitier and Saintonge, and after a ten-year childless marriage, John obtained a divorce from his wife on the grounds of consanguinity. This enraged the Roman Curia as presuming to dissolve what had been joined by their authority. He intervened in the politics of his county of Poitou, and in trying to settle the quarrel between the rival families of Lusignan and Angouleme, was married for the second time at Bordeaux on 24 Aug 1200 to Isabelle D'Angouleme, daughter and heiress of Aymer Taillefer, Comte d'Angouleme, by Alice, daughter of Pierre de France, Seigneur de Courtenay. She was born in 1188, and had been betrothed to Hugues IX de Lusignan, Cote de La Marche. She was crowned on 8 Oct 1200. War with France followed John's refusal to appear before Philippe II concerning the grievance of the Lusignans. At first John was successful in defending his Frence lands, capturing his nephew Arthur (who died in custody), but in 1204 lost Normandy, Anjou, Maine and Touraine to the French king. For the next ten years John resided almost permanently in England (the first such Angevin king) and attempted to restore his finances for further warfare in France by determined taxation and exploitation of his feudal prerogatives (later the basis for the charge of tyranny). When he insisted on his, rather the Pope's right to nominate the Archbishop of Canterbury, Pope Innocent III in 1208 imposed an Interdict on England suspending all religious services, and excommunicating King John. After five years of amassing the revenues of vacant or appropriated sees and abbeys, John agreed to become a vassal to the Pope for an annual tribute of one thousand marks, with absolution from excommunication and the lifting of the Interdict. John continued his fight with the French, now with the Pope as his ally, but attempts finally collapsed with the defeat of his continental allies at Bouvines in 1214. An alliance of barons took advantage of this defeat to launch a rebellion which was successful in forcing John to a comprehensive and humiliating Magna Charta ensuring the feudal rights of the barons and the reinstatement of English law, signed at Runnymede on 19 June 1215. John soon repudiated the charter and civil war resumed. John of England, King of England, died suddenly in the midst of campaigning at Newark on 19 Oct 1216, and was buried at Worcester Cathedral where his effigy is to be seen on his tomb.

John's loss of the French dominions, his disputes with Rome, and a high level of taxation had the English nobility up in arms against him. In 1215 they forced the King to sign the Magna Carta, guaranteeing their rights in relation to those of the crown. This led to civil war, which only ended with John's death.

Despite his problems with France and the English barons, recent historical research suggests that John was a keen administrator, a good general, an astute diplomat, and a hard-working and intelligent ruler with a strong sense of justice.

Family/Spouse: Joan Of WALES. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Isabel Of GLOUCESTER on 29 Aug 1189 in Marlebridge. Isabel (daughter of William FITZ ROBERT and Hawise DE BEAUMONT) died on 14 Oct 1217; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Isabella Of ANGOULEME on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Isabella (daughter of Aymer "Taillifer" DE VALENCE and Alice DE COURTENAY) was born in 1188 in Angouleme; died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevraud; was buried in Fontevrault Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Joan is the "only known illegitimate daughter of John King of England. Might of been the daughter of Queen Clementia.
Her grave was destroyed at Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries and her coffin used as a horse trough. It along with its covering slab, was later rescued. On it was sculptured Joan's effigy.

Joan married Llewelyn Ap IORWERTH between 1205 and 1207. Llewelyn (son of Iorwerth DRWYNDWN and Margred Verch MADOG) was born in 1173 in Aberffraw Castle, Caenarvonshire, Wales; died on 11 Apr 1240 in Aberconwy, Aarllechwedd Isaf, Caenarvonshire,Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Richard De Chilham
• Name: Richard De Dover

Notes:

Richard was a captain in his father's army during the revolt of the barons; also called Richard de Dover or Richard de Chilham.
His mother was the sister of William, Earl of Warenne; m. abt 1214 Rohese, an heiress, daughter of "the Lord of Dover and baron of Chilham."

He had a daughter: Isabel (d. July 7, 1276) m. abt July 12, 1247 Maurice de Berkeley (b. 1218; d. april 4, 1281), 6th Lord Berkeley, who may be call Maurice the Resolute."

Family/Spouse: Rohese Of DOVER. Rohese died before 11 Feb 1261. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Oliver went on the Fifth Crusade in 1218.

Notes:

Held the honor of Perche.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: 10 Oct 1206/7, Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England
• Crowned: 28 Oct 1216, Gloucester Cathedral
• Crowned: 17 May 1220, Westerminster Abbey

Notes:

[Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

[ingram1.FTW]

http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01281
Reigned 1216-1272. A minor when he took the throne he did not take the reigns of Government himself until 1234. Baronian discontent simmered, boiling over in 1258 when Henry facing financial disaster attempted to raise large sums from his magnates. Reforms were agreed upon but then renouced by Henry. Simon de Montford lead a rebellion against the King (the Barons Wars) which was defeated after initial success, thereafter Hnery ceeded much of his power to his son. Burke say he was born 10 Oct 1206 and married 14 Jan, crowned 1216.Henry III was buried at Westminster abbey, however, his heart was buried at Fontevrault.

According to "Blood Royal": it is extremely unlikely that Henry III had any mistresses, and no illegitimate issue for him is recorded. Through 36 years of married life, until Henry's death (at 65), he and his Queen remained devoted to one another.

Name:
Henry III of England (of Winchester), King of England, son and heir, was born at Winchester Castle on 1 Oct 1207. He was crowned, aged nine, at Gloucester on 28 Oct 1216. Henry assumed personal rule when he declared himself to be of full age in January 1227, and sought to recover the lands in France lost by his father. Henry's personal rule in the direction of royal finances without the participation of the barons provoked discontent. The barons were further repelled by the influence over his government by his Queen's Savoyard kinsmen. His Lusignan half-brothers involved him in a disastrous foray in France. Henry's need for financial support compelled him in 1258 to agree to the creation of a privy council of barons to advise him and to oversee the administration of government. Henry sought help fro the French king, Louis IX,and in 1259 made peace abandoning claim to the lost lands in France (the titles of Duc de Normandie and Comte d'Anjou in 1259, also renouncing claims to the counties of Maine, Touraine, and Poitou) and agreeing to hold the province still in his hands, the Duchy of Gascony, as a feudal vassal of Louis and his successors. His major baronial opponent by 1264 was his brother-in-law Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester. In the ensuing civil war Montfort captured Henry and his eldest son, Edward, at the battle of Lewes in Sussex on 14 May 1264. Montfort ruled England in Henry's name until he was defeated and killed at the battle of Evesham on 4 Aug 1265 by Henry's son, the future King Edward I who assumed effective control of the government.

Henry married Eleanor Of PROVENCE on 04 Jan 1236 in Canterbury, C, England. Eleanor (daughter of Raymond IV BERENGAR and Beatrice Of SAVOY) was born between 1217 and 1222 in Aix-en-Provence, France; died on 24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Holy Roman Emperor Richard of Cornwall
• Fact: Holy Roman Empire
• Fact: 1st Earl of Cornwall
• Crowned: Between 17 and 27 May 1257, Aachen

Notes:

Name:
Richard of England, born 5 Jan 1209; Comte de Poitou before 18 Aug 225, Earl of Cornwall 30 may 1227, elected King of the Romans 13 Jan 1257, soon dispossessed, and returned to England, died 2 Apr 1272, buried Hayles Abbey, which he had founded.

Richard married Isabel MARSHALL on 30 Mar 1231. Isabel (daughter of Sir William MARSHALL and Isabel DE CLARE) was born on 09 Oct 1200 in Pembroke Castle; died on 17 Jan 1240 in Berkhamstead, England; was buried in Beaulieu, Southampton, england. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Sanchia Of PROVENCE on 23 Nov 1243 in Westminster Abbey. Sanchia (daughter of Raymond IV BERENGAR and Beatrice Of SAVOY) was born about 1225 in Aix-En-Provence; died on 09 Nov 1261 in Berkhamstead, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in Hailes Abbey, Hailes, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Beatrice Of FALKENBURG on 16 Jun 1269 in Kaiserlautern in Germany. Beatrice (daughter of DirkDieter II Lord Of FALKENBURG and Johanna VAN LOON) was born about 1253; died on 17 Oct 1277; was buried in Franciscan Church at Oxford. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Joan DE VALLETORT. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Alexander II King Of SCOTS on 19 Jun 1221 in York Minster. Alexander (son of William The Lion and Ermengarde DE BEAUMONT) was born on 24 Aug 1198 in Haddington, East Lothian; died on 06 Jul 1249 in Kerrara; was buried in Melrose Abbey, Roxburghshire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The Dictionary of National Biography, edited by Stephen and Lee states: Isabella died " at the birth of a child, which did not survive her," but does not name the child.

Isabel married Frederick II Hohenstaufen Holy Roman EMPEROR on 20 Jul 1235 in Worms. Frederick (son of Henry VI Holy Roman EMPEROR and Constance Of SICILY) was born on 26 Dec 1194 in Jesi nearr Ancona; died on 13 Dec 1250 in Fiorentino; was buried in Palermo. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Eleanor died at Montargis "a cell of Fontevrault, to which she retired after the battle of Evesham", in France.

Eleanor and William had no children.

Excerpt from Blood Royal: The marriage was celebrated despite the fact that Eleanor had taken vows of chastity, witnessed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and wore the ring that united her to "the mystic bridegroom,Jesus Christ." Her husband, Simon de Montfort, "hastened to Rome in order to regularize his marriage" and the couple received assurances that "there was no obstacle to the validity" of the marriage.

Alianore married William "the Younger" MARSHALL on 23 Apr 1224. William (son of Sir William MARSHALL and Isabel DE CLARE) was born about 1190 in Pembroke, Wales; died between 06 and 24 Apr 1231; was buried on 15 Apr 1231 in New Temple Church, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alianore married Simon DE MONTFORT on 07 Jan 1237/8 in Westminster. Simon (son of Simon DE MONTFORT, IV and Alice Of MONTMORENCY) was born about 1208; died on 04 Aug 1265 in Killed - Battle Of Evesham; was buried in Evesham Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]