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 1325 - 1375 (50 years)
Generation: 1
Generation: 2
| 2. | Martin I Of ARAGON  (1.Elionor1) was born in 1356; died on 31 May 1410. Notes:
Martin I (1356 ? 31 May 1410), "the Elder", "the Humane", "the Ecclesiastic", King of Aragon (1396 - 1410), King of Sicily (1409 - 1410) was the last direct descendant in legitimate male line of Wilfred "the Hairy", Count of Barcelona, to rule Aragon. He became also the King of Sicily (as Martin II, King of Trinacria) after the death of his son, Martin I of Sicily.
Biography
Martin was born 1356, either in Gerona or in Perpignan. He was the second son of King Peter IV of Aragon and Leonora of Trinacria, princess of that cadet branch of the House of Aragon.
As a cadet prince of the Aragonese royal family, Martin was given the Duchy of Monblanch (Montblanc). In 1380 his father appointed him lord and regent of the island of Sicily, since its queen Mary of Sicily, who was Martin's cousin, was underage (Mary's father, Frederick III of Trinacria, died 1377). Martin's son Martin the Younger was then married to the young heiress. The island of Sicily (the vassal kingdom of Trinacria) was thus intended to be a fief of Martin's descendants. Martin the Younger became King Martin I of Sicily in his father's lifetime.
In 1396, Martin succeeded his elder brother John I (who died sonless) on the throne of Aragon. However, Sicilian nobles were causing unrest, and Martin was kept in Sicily until 1397, when he personally took over in Aragon. Martin's wife Maria de Luna had claimed the throne on behalf of Martin, and acted as his representative until he personally arrived. However, the delay opened the way for more problems and quarrels to surface in Aragon. His right to the throne was contested, first by Count Matthew of Foix on behalf of his wife Joanna, elder daughter of John I of Aragon. However, Martin succeeded in quashing the invasion by the troops of the count.
After the death of the childless Joanna, John's second daughter, Yolande of Aragon, married the Anjou king of Sicily (Naples) and continued the claim as did her sons.
Martin launched crusades against the Moors in North Africa in 1398 and 1399.
Aragon had been trying to subjugate Sardinia since the reign of James II, and gradually the Aragonese had conquered most of the island. However, in the 1380s, in the reign of Peter IV, the remaining independent principality Arborea became a fortress of rebellion and the Aragonese were rapidly driven back by Eleanor of Arborea, so that practically the whole of Sardinia was lost. King Martin sent his son Martin the Younger to reconquer Sardinia. Just before his death, the son won the battle of Sanluri (San Luis, San Luigi) in 1409, drove away the Genoese allies of the Sardinians and subjugated a vast number of Sardinian nobles. This soon caused the total loss of independence of Arborea.
In 1409, Martin I of Aragon also became King of Sicily (as Martin II), succeeding his son, Martin the Younger (Martin I of Sicily), widower of Mary of Sicily. Martin the father was himself son of Eleanor of Sicily (Leonora of Trinacria) and an heir to that island after Mary's family had died out.
Overall, the Kingdom of Aragon enjoyed external peace during Martin's reign and he worked to quell internal strife caused by nobles, factions and bandits. He supported the Avignon line of Popes and an Aragonese, Pope Benedict XIII, held the seat throughout Martin's reign. Martin's military intervention rescued the imprisoned Benedict in 1403 from the clutches of his rivals and the Pope settled in Valencia's countryside.
After the death of his legitimate children, King Martin appointed Jaume II of Urgell, the closest legitimate agnate of the Royal House of Aragon (his first cousin's son), as Governor General of all the kingdoms of Aragon, which position belonged traditionally to the heir presumptive.
When Martin died in Barcelona in 1410, his legitimate descendants (born of marriage with queen Maria) were already dead. Martin's second marriage with Margarita of Aragon-Prades did not produce any children.
Only a bastard grandson, Fadrique, count of Luna, continued the line of Martin. (Fadrique was the bastard son of Martin the Younger.) The king, despite his desire and some efforts, was not able to obtain sufficient confirmation to his bastard grandson as his successor.
Thus, Martin's death led to a two-year interregnum, which was ended by the Pact of Caspe, in which Ferdinand I of Aragon, infante of Castile's House of Trast·mara, younger son of a sister of Martin's, was chosen as the next king from among at least five contenders
Family/Spouse: Maria DE LUNA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
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| 3. | John I Of ARAGON (1.Elionor1) was born on 27 Dec 1350; died on 19 May 1396. Other Events and Attributes:
- Also Known As: Juan I Of Aragon
Notes:
John I (December 27, 1350 ? May 19, 1396), King of Aragon 1387-96, called Juan el Cazador in Spanish (the Hunter, in English, or el Descurat in Catalan) or el Amador de la gentileza (the Lover of Elegance, in English, or l'Amador de la Gentilesa in Catalan), John the Hunter, was the eldest son of Peter IV and his third wife Eleanor of Sicily, who was the daughter of King Pietro II of Sicily. He was born in Perpignan, in the province of Roussillon which at that time belonged to Aragon, and died during a hunt in forests near Foix‡ by a fall from his horse, like his namesake, cousin and contemporary of Castile. He was a man of insignificant character, with a taste for artificial verse.
Events of his reign
Once on the throne, John abandoned his father's relatively Anglophile policy and made an alliance with France. He continued Aragon's support for the Pope of the Avignon line, Clement VII, in the Western Schism. John also made an alliance with Castile, and confirmed in 1388 a treaty with Navarre fixing borders between these kingdoms.
In 1389-90, the Aragonese battled the troops of the Count of Armagnac, who was attempting to conquer the lands of the vassal kingdom of Majorca. The attack went from Embord· to Gerona. The invaders were defeated in 1390 by Aragonese troops commanded by the Infante don Martin, the king's brother (and successor).
During 1388-90, John gradually lost all lands of the Duchies of Athens and Neopatras in Greece.
In 1391, John promulgated legislation on Jews in different cities of Aragon. Also in 1391, his administration faced a revolt in the vassal kingdom of Sicily, where the population had proclaimed Louis of Durazzo as king.
John was a protector of culture of Barcelona. He established in 1393 the Consistor of Barcelona (jocs florals), imitating the same office in Toulouse.
Aragon had been attempting to subjugate Sardinia since the reign of James II, and gradually the Aragonese had conquered most of the island. However, in the 1380s, the remaining independent principality Arborea became a fortress of rebellion and the Aragonese were rapidly driven back by Eleanor Visconti Doria. The Aragonese continued in John's reign to attempt to suppress rebels in Sardinia and regain lost territories. However, during John's reign, practically the whole of Sardinia was lost.
John's reign was characterized by disastrous financial administration.
He died without sons, and was succeeded by his younger brother Martin. Two daughters, however, survived to adulthood.
Family/Spouse: Martha Of ARMAGNAC. Martha was born in 1347; died in 1378. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
John married Yolande Of BAR in 1384. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
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Generation: 3
| 11. | Henry III The Infirm Of CASTILE (5.Eleonor2, 1.Elionor1) was born on 04 Oct 1379 in Burgos; died between 25 and 26 Dec 1406 in Toledo; was buried in Toledo. Other Events and Attributes:
- Also Known As: Enrique III of Castile
- Residence: King of Castile and Leon
Notes:
Wikipedia Encyclopedia
Henry III (October 4, 1379?1406), sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm (Spanish: Enrique el Doliente) was the son of John I and succeeded him as King of Castile and LeÛn in 1390.
Henry was born in Burgos, the capital of Castile. Before becoming king, he was known by the title Prince of Asturias, designating him as the heir apparent. After succeeding to the throne at 11, Henry took power at 14. He was able to pacify the nobility and restore royal power. During his reign, the Castilian fleet won several victories against the English; Henry sent a naval fleet in 1400 that destroyed TÈtouan in North Africa, a pirate base. In 1402, Henry began the colonization of the Canary Islands, sending French explorer Jean de BÈthencourt. He also sent envoys to Timur.
In 1388, Henry married Katherine of Lancaster (Catalina de Lancaster; 1372?1418), the daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Gaunt's second wife, Constance of Castile, who was the elder daughter of Pedro of Castile. This ended a dynastic conflict and solidified the House of Trastamara. Henry and Catherine's son became John II of Castile, who succeeded Henry when he died in Toledo, Catherine acting as Regent of Castile because John II was then underage.
Henry married Katherine Of LANCASTER between 1388 and 1393. Katherine (daughter of John Of GAUNT and Constance Of CASTILE) was born in 1372/3 in Hertford; died on 02 Jun 1418; was buried in Toledo. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
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Generation: 4
| 18. | JuanIIJohn II King Of Castile And LEON (11.Henry3, 5.Eleonor2, 1.Elionor1) was born on 06 Mar 1405 in Toro; died on 22 Jul 1454 in Valladolid. Other Events and Attributes:
- Residence: Between 1406 and 1454, King of Castile and Leon
Notes:
Juan II (March 6, 1405 ? July 20, 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454.
He was the son of Henry III of Castile and his wife Katherine of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt by Constance of Castile, daughter of King Pedro of Castile (aka. Pedro the Cruel). He was also great-grandson of King Edward III of England through the maternal line.
He succeeded his father on December 25, 1406, at the age of a year and ten months, and united in his person the claims of Pedro the Cruel and of Henry of Trastamara. It was one of the many misfortunes of Castile that the long reign of John II?forty-nine years?should have been granted to one of the least capable of her kings. Juan was amiable, weak, and dependent on those about him. He had no taste except for ornament and no serious interest except in amusements such as verse-making, hunting, and tournaments.
He was entirely under the influence of his favourite, Alvaro de Luna, until his second wife, Queen Isabella of Portugal, obtained control of his feeble will. At her instigation, he dismissed his faithful and able favorite, an act which is said to have caused him much remorse. He died on July 20, 1454, at Valladolid. By his second marriage he was the father of Isabella "the Catholic."
Family/Spouse: Maria Of ARAGON. Maria (daughter of Ferdinand I The Just King Of ARAGON and Eleanor Of ALBUQUERQUE) was born in 1396; died in Feb 1445 in Villacastin. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
JuanIIJohn married Isabel Of PORTUGAL in Aug 1447 in Madrigal. Isabel (daughter of John Of PORTUGAL and Isabel Of PORTUGAL) was born in 1430; died on 15 Aug 1496 in Averalo; was buried in Miraflores, near Burgos. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 45. Isabella I Queen Of Castile And LEON was born on 23 Apr 1451; died on 26 Nov 1504.
- 46. Alphonso Of Castile And LEON was born on 17 Nov 1453 in Tordesillas Castilla y Leon, Spain; died on 05 Jul 1468 in Castilla y Leon, Spain; was buried in Cartuja de Miraflores, Burgos, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y Leon, Spain.
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