Rene II Duke Of LORRAINE

Notes:

From 1470 Count of Vaudemont
from 1473 Duke of Lorraine
1483-1508 Duke of Bar

He claimed the crown of the kingdom of Naples and the County of Provence as the Duke of Calabria 1480-1493 and as King of Naples and Jerusalem 1493-1508. He succeeded his uncle John of Vaudemont as Count of Harcourt and Aumale in 1473, using the first title before 1495 and the second title after. He succeeded as Count of Guise in 1504.

Rene married Phillipa Of GUELDERS on 01 Sep 1485 in Orleans. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Rene married Countess of Tancarville Jeanne D'HARCOURT on 09 Sep 1471. Jeanne died in 1488. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
Antoine (4 June 1489 - 14 June 1544), known as the Good, was Duke of Lorraine from 1508 until his death in 1544.


Biography
Antoine was born at Bar-le-Duc, the son of René II, Duke of Lorraine and Philippa of Guelders.[1] He was raised at the court of King Louis XII together with his brother Claude, and also made friends with the Duke of Angoulême, the future King Francis I.

In 1509 he entrusted the reins of the Duchy to his mother and Hugues des Hazards, bishop of Toul, and followed Louis XII in his campaign in northern Italy, where he took part in the Battle of Agnadello of that year.[2] After Louis' death, he went again to Italy under Francis I, participating in the battle of Marignano (14/15 September 1515).[3] However, called back home by problems in Lorraine, he was absent at the decisive battle of Pavia (1525), in which Francis was taken prisoner and his brother François, comte de Lambesc, was killed.[3]

In Lorraine, Antoine had to face the spreading of Protestant Reformation, against which he published an edict on 26 December 1523.[4] The situation worsened the following year, when a rebellion, known as German Peasants' War, broke out in Alsace. The insurrectionists captured Saverne and tried to conquer Saint-Dié, while the peasants of Bitscherland also rose in May 1525. Antoine launched an expedition which reconquered Saverne on 17 May and crushed a peasant army on 20 May near Sélestat. He subsequently promulgated other edicts against the Protestants.

Antoine was able to enlarge his duchy through heritages and acquisitions. Starting from 1525, he preferred to remain neutral in the wars which ensued between Francis I and Emperor Charles V. With the Treaty of Nuremberg (26 August 1542), he obtained by Charles V the independence of the Duchy of Lorraine

In 1538, he claimed the titles of Duke of Guelders and Count of Zutphen upon the death of Charles of Egmond, but was unable to gain possession of them.

By 1539, Antoine suffered from gout and asked his niece, Mary of Guise, to send him a Scottish hackney horse which he hoped to find easier to ride with his condition.[5]

Family
On 26 June 1515, he married Renée of Bourbon, daughter of Gilbert de Bourbon, Count of Montpensier by Clara Gonzaga.[3]

He had six children:

Francis I, Duke of Lorraine (1517?1545)[1]
Nicholas, Duke of Merc?ur (1524?1577)[1]
Jean (1526?1532)
Antoine (b. 1528), d. young
Anna (1522?1568), married firstly René of Châlon, Prince of Orange and secondly Philip II, Duke of Aerschot (1496?1549)
Elisabeth (b. 1530), d. young

Antoine married Renee of BOURBON on 26 Jun 1515. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Claude Of Lorraine

Claude married Antoinette Of BOURBON on 09 Jun 1513. Antoinette (daughter of Francois Count Of VENDOME and Marie DE LUXEMBOURG) was born on 25 Dec 1493; died on 22 Jan 1583. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Cardinal of Lorraine and Bishop of Metz

Notes:

Name:
Nicolas of Lorraine, Duke of Merc?ur (16 October 1524 - 23 January 1577) was the second son of Antoine, Duke of Lorraine and Renée de Bourbon.

Biography
He was originally destined for an ecclesiastical career, being made bishop of Metz in 1543 and of Verdun in 1544. In June 1545, he became joint "tutor and administrator" for his nephew, Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, with his sister-in-law Christina of Denmark. However, the Estates of Lorraine, in November 1545, removed him in favor of Christina as sole regent. He opposed her pro-Imperial policies. Resigning his dioceses in 1548 in favor of his uncle Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine, he took the title Count of Vaudémont.

After seizure of the Three Bishoprics in 1552 by Henry II of France, he was re-appointed as sole regent for his nephew, a position he retained until 1559.

In 1551, Nomeny was detached from the Bishopric of Metz and given to him as a margraviate by Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1567, in right of which he was recognized as an independent, hereditary Prince of the Empire (the House of Lorraine would obtain a full vote in the Imperial Diet in 1736 for Nomeny in compensation for cession of the Duchy of Lorraine to France?in addition to acquisition of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany).[1]

In France, his mother's barony of Merc?ur was likewise elevated to the status of a princedom (though not independent of the French crown) in 1563, and raised to a ducal peerage in 1569.[2] He was also created a knight of the Order of Saint Esprit.

He married thrice. His first marriage, on 1 May 1549 in Brussels, was to Marguerite d'Egmont (1517 ? 10 March 1554, Bar-le-Duc),[3] daughter of Count Jean IV of Egmont. By her he had one son and three daughters:

Marguerite of Lorraine (b. 9 February 1550), d. young.
Catherine of Lorraine (b. 26 February 1551, Nomeny), d. young.
Henri of Lorraine (b. 9 April 1552, Nomeny) Count of Chaligny, d. young.
Louise of Lorraine (30 April 1553, Nomeny ? 29 January 1601, Château de Moulins), married on 13 February 1575, at Reims, Henry III of France.[4]
His second marriage was on 24 February 1555 at Fontainebleau, to Joanna of Savoy (1532?1568), daughter of Philippe, Duke of Nemours. By this marriage he had four sons and two daughters:

Philippe Emmanuel of Lorraine, Duke of Merc?ur (1558?1602).
Charles de Lorraine (20 April 1561, Nomeny ? 29 October 1587, Paris), known as the Cardinal de Vaudémont, Bishop of Toul and of Verdun.
Jean of Lorraine (b. 14 September 1563, Château de Deneuvre), d. young.
Marguerite of Lorraine (14 May 1564, Nomeny ? 20 September 1625), married on 24 September 1581 in Paris Anne, Duke of Joyeuse (1561?1587), married on 31 May 1599 François de Luxemburg, Duke of Piney (d. 1613).
Claude of Lorraine (b. 12 April 1566, Nomeny), d. young.
François of Lorraine (15 September 1567 ? 1596, Châtel-sur-Moselle), Marquis of Chaussin.
His third marriage was on 11 May 1569 at Reims, to Catherine of Lorraine (1550?1606), daughter of Claude, Duke of Aumale. By her he had three sons and two daughters:

Henri of Lorraine (31 July 1570, Nancy ? 26 October 1600, Vienna), Marquis of Mouy and Count of Chaligny, married on 19 September 1585 Claude de Mouy.
Christine of Lorraine (b. 24 September 1571, Château de Koeurs), d. young.
Antoine of Lorraine (27 August 1572 ? 1587, Mainz), Abbot of Beaulieu and Bishop of Toul.
Louise of Lorraine (b. 27 March 1575, Nancy), d. young.
Eric of Lorraine (14 March 1576 ? 27 April 1623), Bishop of Verdun.

Nicholas married Marguerite D'EGMONT on 1 May 1549 in Brussels. Marguerite was born in 1517; died on 10 Mar 1554 in Bar-le-Duc. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Nicholas married Joanna of SAVOY on 24 Feb 1555 in Fontainebleau. Joanna (daughter of Philip of Savoy Duke Of NEMOURS and Charlotte of ORLEANS) was born in 1532; died in 1568. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Nicholas married Catherine of LORRAINE on 11 May 1569 in Reims. Catherine (daughter of Claude Duke Of AUMALE and Louise DE BREZE) was born in 1550; died in 1606. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louise married Charles I Duke Of ARSCHOT on 20 Feb 1541. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
Claude of Lorraine, Duke of Aumale (August 18, 1526, Joinville - March 3, 1573, La Rochelle) was the third son of Claude, Duke of Guise and Antoinette de Bourbon. He was a prince of Lorraine by birth.

As part of the Treaty of Boulogne which ended the war of the Rough Wooing, Claude, Marquis of Mayenne and François de Vendôme, Vidame de Chartres, were among six French hostages sent to England.[1] After his father died on 12 April 1550, Claude was allowed to come to Scotland, with a passport from Edward VI dated 11 May, to see his sister Mary of Guise and wrote from Edinburgh on 18 May that he would view the strong places of the realm.

On August 1, 1547, he married Louise de Brézé (c. 1518 ? January 1577), dame d'Anet, the daughter of Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet, and Diane de Poitiers.[2] They had eleven children:

Henri (October 21, 1549, Château de Saint-Germain ? August 1559), Count of Valentinois
Catherine Romula (November 8, 1550, Saint-Germain ? June 25, 1606), married on May 11, 1569 Nicholas, Duke of Merc?ur
Madeleine Diane (b. February 5, 1554), d. young
Charles, Duke of Aumale (1555?1631)
Diane (November 10, 1558 ? June 25, 1586, Ligny), married on November 13, 1576 François, Duke of Piney-Luxemburg
Antoinette (b. June 9, 1560, Nancy), d. young
Antoinette Louise (September 29, 1561, Joinville ? August 24, 1643, Soissons), Abbess of Soissons
Antoine (b. November 12, 1562), d. young
Claude (December 13, 1564 ? January 3, 1591, Saint-Denis), called the "Chevalier d'Aumale", Abbot of St.-Pere-en-Valle, Chartres, Knight of the Order of Malta, General of the Galleys
Charles (January 25, 1566 ? May 7, 1568, Paris)
Marie (June 10, 1565 ? January 27, 1627), Abbess of Chelles
When his brother Francis acceded as Duke of Guise in 1550 he ceded to Claude the title of Duke of Aumale. He was killed by a culverin shot while besieging La Rochelle.

Claude married Louise DE BREZE on 1 Aug 1547. Louise was born about 1518; died in Jan 1577. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Abbess of St. Pierre, Reims

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Archbishop of Reims and Cardinal of Guise

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 22 Feb 1540, Crowned as Queen Consort at Holyrood Abbey

Marie married James V King Of SCOTLAND on 18 May 1538 in Notre-Dame de Paris. James (son of James IV and Margaret TUDOR) was born on 10 Apr 1512 in Linlithgow Palace, West Lothian; died on 14 Dec 1542. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Marie married Louis Of Orleans Duke Of LONGUEVILLE on 04 Aug 1534 in Louvre. Louis died on 09 Jun 1537 in Rouen. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Grand Prior of the Order of Malta

Notes:

Name:
Philippe Emmanuel de Lorraine, Duke of Merc?ur (9 September 1558, Nomeny, Meurthe-et-Moselle ? 19 February 1602, Nürnberg), the eldest surviving son of Nicholas, Duke of Merc?ur and Jeanne de Savoie-Nemours, was a French soldier and prominent member of the Catholic League.

He was made a knight of the Order of Saint Esprit in 1578. His wife was Marie de Luxemburg, the Duchess of Penthièvre.


Rebellion in Brittany
In 1582 he was made governor of Brittany by Henry III of France, who had married his half-sister. In 1588 Merc?ur put himself at the head of the League in Brittany, and had himself proclaimed protector of the Roman Catholic Church in the province.

His wife's family, the House of Penthièvre, were descendants of the House of Dreux as Dukes of Brittany. The House of Penthièvre had lost the dukedom of Brittany to the House of Montfort in the Breton War of Succession in the 14th century. They had subsequently attempted to overthrow the Montfortist Dukes, with no success. Invoking the alleged hereditary rights of his wife, Merc?ur endeavoured to make himself independent in that province, and organized a government at Nantes, calling his son "prince and duke of Brittany".

He formed an alliance with Spain and continued to press for his independence from France when Henry IV became King of France. Henry IV of France sent a force against him led by the duc de Montpensier. With the aid of the Spaniards he defeated the French at the Battle of Craon in 1592. However, the royal troops were reinforced by English contingents and soon recovered the advantage. The king marched against Merc?ur in person, and received his submission at Angers on 20 March 1598.

Henry IV assured his control of Brittany through the marriage of his illegitimate son to Merc?ur's daughter Francoise.

Later years
Merc?ur subsequently went to Hungary, where he entered the service of the emperor Rudolph II. He fought against the Turks, taking Székesfehérvár in 1601.

Family
Philippe married Marie de Luxembourg (1562?1623), Duchesse de Penthièvre and daughter of Sébastien, Duke of Penthièvre, on 12 July 1579 in Paris.

He had two children with Marie:

Philippe Louis de Lorraine (21 May 1589 ? 21 December 1590)
Françoise de Lorraine, Duchesse de Merc?ur et de Penthièvre (November 1592 ? 8 September 1669, Paris)
Françoise married César de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme, an illegitimate son of Henry IV of France at Fontainebleau on 16 July 1608.

Philippe married Duchess of Penthievre Marie DE LUXEMBOURG on 12 Jul 1579 in Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Daughter of Claude, Duke of Aumale

Catherine married Duke of Mercoeur Nicholas of LORRAINE on 11 May 1569 in Reims. Nicholas (son of Antoine Duke Of LORRAINE and Renee of BOURBON) was born on 16 Oct 1524 in Bar-le-Duc, France; died on 23 Jan 1577. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Mary I Of Scotland
• Fact: 09 Sep 1543, Crowned Queen of Scotland in the Chapel Royal at Stirling Castle

Notes:

Princess Mary Stuart was born at Linlithgow Palace, Linlithgow, West Lothian, on December 7 or December 8, 1542 to King James V of Scotland and his French wife, Mary of Guise. In Falkland Palace, Fife, her father heard of the birth and prophesied, "The devil go with it! It came with a lass, it will pass with a lass!" James truly believed that Mary's birth marked the end of the Stuarts' reign over Scotland. Instead, through Mary's son, it was the beginning of their reign over both the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England.

The six-day-old Mary became Queen of Scotland when her father died at the age of thirty, probably from cholera, although his contemporaries believed his death to have been caused by grief over the Scots' loss to the English at the Battle of Solway Moss. James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran was the next in line for the throne after Mary; he acted as regent for Mary until 1554, when he was succeeded by the Queen's mother, who continued as regent until her death in 1560.

In July 1543, when Mary was six months old, the Treaties of Greenwich promised Mary to be married to Edward, son of King Henry VIII of England in 1552, and for their heirs to inherit the Kingdoms of Scotland and England. Mary's mother was strongly opposed to the proposition, and she hid with Mary two months later in Stirling Castle, where preparations were made for Mary's coronation.

When Mary was only nine months old she was crowned Queen of Scotland in the Chapel Royal at Stirling Castle on September 9, 1543. Because the Queen was an infant and the ceremony unique, Mary's coronation was the talk of Europe. Mary was dressed in heavy regal robes in miniature. A crimson velvet mantle, with a train furred with ermine, was fastened around her tiny neck. A jeweled satin gown, with long hanging sleeves, enveloped the infant, who could sit up but not walk. She was carried by Lord Livingston in solemn procession to the Chapel Royal. Inside, Lord Livingston brought Mary forward to the altar, put her gently in the throne set up there, and stood by holding her to keep her from rolling off.

Quickly, Cardinal David Beaton put the Coronation Oath to her, which Lord Livingston answered for her. The Cardinal immediately unfastened Mary's heavy robes and began anointing her with the holy oil. When the chilly air struck her, she began to cry. The Earl of Lennox (whose son Henry, Lord Darnley, later became Mary's 2nd husband) brought forward the Sceptre and placed it in her baby hand. Then the Sword of State was presented by the Earl of Argyll, and the Cardinal performed the ceremony of girding the three-foot sword to the tiny body.

Then, the Earl of Arran carried the Crown. Holding it gently, Cardinal Beaton lowered it onto the child's head, where it rested on a circlet of velvet. The Cardinal steadied the crown and Lord Livingston held her body straight as the Earls of Lennox and Arran kissed her cheek in fealty, followed by the rest of the prelates and peers who knelt before her and, placing their hands on her crown, swore allegiance to her.

Mary married Francis II King Of FRANCE on 24 Apr 1558 in Notre-Dame de Paris. Francis (son of Henry II King Of FRANCE and Caterina DE'MEDICI) was born on 19 Jan 1544; died on 05 Dec 1560. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Henry Stuart Lord DARNLEY on 29 Jul 1565 in Palace of Holyroodhouse. Henry died in Feb 1567. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married 4th Earl of Bothwell James HEPBURN on 15 May 1567 in Palace of Holyroodhouse. James died in 1578 in Imprisoned in Denmark. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]