Henry II Of CASTILE

Notes:

Henry of Trastamara (January 13, 1334 Sevilla - May 29, 1379 Santo Domingo de la Calzada) (Enrique de Trast·mara), was the illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile and Eleanor of Guzman, and half brother to Pedro of Castile the Cruel (or the Lawful, depending on who wrote the history). He became Henry II of Castile (Enrique II de Castilla) after defeating and killing Pedro in the Castilian Civil War (1366-1369).

As head of a band of mercenaries, and with the aid of Bertrand du Guesclin, he drove Pedro from his throne in 1366. He was, however, defeated the next year at the Battle of N·jera (Navarette), and Pedro was restored. Henry defeated Pedro at the Battle of Montiel and then murdered him in 1369. Henry then went to war against Portugal and England in the Hundred Years' War. For most of his reign he had to fight off the attempts of John of Gaunt, a son of Edward III of England, to claim the Castilian throne in right of his second wife, Pedro's daughter.

Henry married Juana Manuel, daughter of Juan Manuel of Castile, head of a younger branch of the royal house of Castile. Their son was John I of Castile.

Henry was the first nobleman to use Anti-Semitism as a political tool in Spain. This led to an end to the convivencia, and a period of riots and pogroms, and can be seen as sowing the seeds of the persecution of the Jews by the Spanish Inquisition, beginning a hundred years later.

Family/Spouse: Juana Manuel Of CASTILE. Juana (daughter of Juan Manuel Of CASTILE and Blanca Nunez De Lara DE LA CERDA) was born in 1339; died on 27 Mar 1381. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Juan I King of Leon

Family/Spouse: Eleonor Of ARAGON. Eleonor (daughter of Peter IV King Of ARAGON and Elionor Of SICILY) was born on 20 Jan 1358; died on 13 Aug 1382. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Had 8 children, but only 2 survived

Family/Spouse: The Noble Charles III Of NAVARRE. Charles (son of Charles II King Of NAVARRE and Joan Of FRANCE) was born in 1361 in Nantes; died on 08 Sep 1425 in Olite. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Enrique III of Castile
• Residence: King of Castile and Leon

Notes:

Wikipedia Encyclopedia
Henry III (October 4, 1379?1406), sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm (Spanish: Enrique el Doliente) was the son of John I and succeeded him as King of Castile and LeÛn in 1390.

Henry was born in Burgos, the capital of Castile. Before becoming king, he was known by the title Prince of Asturias, designating him as the heir apparent. After succeeding to the throne at 11, Henry took power at 14. He was able to pacify the nobility and restore royal power. During his reign, the Castilian fleet won several victories against the English; Henry sent a naval fleet in 1400 that destroyed TÈtouan in North Africa, a pirate base. In 1402, Henry began the colonization of the Canary Islands, sending French explorer Jean de BÈthencourt. He also sent envoys to Timur.

In 1388, Henry married Katherine of Lancaster (Catalina de Lancaster; 1372?1418), the daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Gaunt's second wife, Constance of Castile, who was the elder daughter of Pedro of Castile. This ended a dynastic conflict and solidified the House of Trastamara. Henry and Catherine's son became John II of Castile, who succeeded Henry when he died in Toledo, Catherine acting as Regent of Castile because John II was then underage.

Henry married Katherine Of LANCASTER between 1388 and 1393. Katherine (daughter of John Of GAUNT and Constance Of CASTILE) was born in 1372/3 in Hertford; died on 02 Jun 1418; was buried in Toledo. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Between 1425 and 1441, Queen of Navarre

Family/Spouse: Juan II King Of Navarre And ARAGON. Juan (son of Ferdinand I The Just King Of ARAGON and Eleanor Of ALBUQUERQUE) was born on 29 Jun 1397; died on 20 Jan 1479. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Blanca married Martin I The Younger Of SICILY in 1402. Martin (son of Martin I Of ARAGON and Maria DE LUNA) was born about 1374; died on 25 Jul 1409. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

CatalinaCatharin married Duke of Alburquerque EnriqueHenry Of ARAGON in 1420. EnriqueHenry (son of Ferdinand I The Just King Of ARAGON and Eleanor Of ALBUQUERQUE) was born in 1400; died in 1445. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Between 1406 and 1454, King of Castile and Leon

Notes:

Juan II (March 6, 1405 ? July 20, 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454.

He was the son of Henry III of Castile and his wife Katherine of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt by Constance of Castile, daughter of King Pedro of Castile (aka. Pedro the Cruel). He was also great-grandson of King Edward III of England through the maternal line.

He succeeded his father on December 25, 1406, at the age of a year and ten months, and united in his person the claims of Pedro the Cruel and of Henry of Trastamara. It was one of the many misfortunes of Castile that the long reign of John II?forty-nine years?should have been granted to one of the least capable of her kings. Juan was amiable, weak, and dependent on those about him. He had no taste except for ornament and no serious interest except in amusements such as verse-making, hunting, and tournaments.

He was entirely under the influence of his favourite, Alvaro de Luna, until his second wife, Queen Isabella of Portugal, obtained control of his feeble will. At her instigation, he dismissed his faithful and able favorite, an act which is said to have caused him much remorse. He died on July 20, 1454, at Valladolid. By his second marriage he was the father of Isabella "the Catholic."

Family/Spouse: Maria Of ARAGON. Maria (daughter of Ferdinand I The Just King Of ARAGON and Eleanor Of ALBUQUERQUE) was born in 1396; died in Feb 1445 in Villacastin. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

JuanIIJohn married Isabel Of PORTUGAL in Aug 1447 in Madrigal. Isabel (daughter of John Of PORTUGAL and Isabel Of PORTUGAL) was born in 1430; died on 15 Aug 1496 in Averalo; was buried in Miraflores, near Burgos. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Maria Of Leon

Family/Spouse: Alfonso V King Of ARAGON. Alfonso (son of Ferdinand I The Just King Of ARAGON and Eleanor Of ALBUQUERQUE) was born in 1396; died on 27 Jun 1458. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Wikipedia Encyclopedia:

Eleanor of Aragon (Spanish: Leonor) (1425-Tudela, 1479), Regent (1455-1479) and the queen regnant (1479) of Navarre.

She was the third and youngest daughter of John II of AragÛn and queen Blanche II of Navarre.

She was born February 2, 1425, and was acclaimed by the cortes in Pamplona, August 9, 1427, being the legitimate heir of Charles, Prince of Viana, and Blanche.

She married Gaston IV, count of Foix, and had the following issue with him:

Gaston (1444-1470), he married Princess Magdalena of Valois of France in 1462 and their children Francis and Catherine both succeeded to Navarre in turn upon the death of their grandmother Eleanor, married Marie d'OrlÈans
John(1450-1500), viscount of Narbonne
Peter(1449-1490), cardinal and bishop of Arles
James(1455-1500), count of Cortes, married Catherine of Beaumont
Mary(1452-1497), married William VIII, marquess of Montferrat
Joan(1454-1476), married John V, count of Armagnac
Margaret(1458-1486), married Francis II, duke of Brittany
Catherine (b.1455), married Gaston II de Foix, Count of Candale and Benauges
Isabella b.1462, married Guy of Pons
Leonor
Ana

Family/Spouse: Gaston IV Count Of FOIX. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Blanca married Henry IV of Castile. The marriage was never consummated. After 13 years of marriage, Henry sought and obtained a divorce. Blanca was sent home, where her family imprisoned her, and she was later killed by poison.

Blanca of Navarre (1420-1464) was the daughter of John II of Aragon and Blanche I of Navarre. Blanche was Queen of Navarre and John was King of Aragon.

She married Henry IV of Castile. Blanca remained a virgin, not only on her wedding night, but for the rest of her marriage. After thirteen years, Henry sought a divorce. An official examination confirmed the virginity of Blanca. A divorce was granted by the Pope on the grounds that some "witchcraft" had prevented Henry from consummating the marriage. Blanca was sent home, where her family imprisoned her, and she was later killed by poison in 1464. She remained childless throughout her life.

Her half-brother, Fernando II of Aragon much later married Henry's half-sister, Isabella of Castile. Isabella then inherited the throne from Henry after Henry's second wife, Joana of Portugal only gave birth to a daughter and there were rumors that her daughter was illegitimate. Fernando was chosen over his half-brother, Charles, Prince of Viana to rule Aragon. Isabella and Fernando ruled what became Spain.

After the death of her brother in 1461, some Navarrese dissatisfied elements and some of the anti-Aragonese party regarded Blanca as the rightful monarch, as they had regarded Charles. They proclaimed her queen. She would have thus become Blanche II of Navarre, had not her father (who wanted to keep the government of Navarre) already had her incarcerated and thus not capable to act. Upon her death, her rights to Navarre were inherited by her next sister, Eleanor of Aragon, Countess of Foix, who however was their father's ally and supporter, and did not press her own claims until his death in 1479.

Blanca married Henry IV King Of Castile And LEON on 15 Sep 1440. Henry (son of JuanIIJohn II King Of Castile And LEON and Maria Of ARAGON) was born on 05 Jan 1425 in Valladolid; died on 11 Dec 1474 in Madrid, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Wikipedia Encyclopedia:

Charles, Prince of Viana, (1421 - 1461), sometimes called Charles IV, king of Navarre, was the son of John, afterwards king of Aragon, by his marriage with Blanche, daughter and heiress of Charles, king of Navarre. Both his grandfather Charles and his mother, who ruled over Navarre from 1425 to 1441, had bequeathed this kingdom to Charles, whose right had also been recognized by the Cortes; but when Blanche died in 1441 her husband John seized the government to the exclusion of his son. The Prince of Viane was married in Olite (Navarre) on September 30 1439, taking as his wife the Flemish Princess Agnes, the daughter of Adolph I, Duke of Cleves and Mary of Burgundy sister of Philip the Good. Princess Agnes died, childless, on April 6, 1448, eight years after her marriage to Charles.

The ill-feeling between father and son was increased when in 1447 John took for his second wife Joanna (Juana) Enriquez, a Castilian noblewoman (of a bastard cadet line from Castilian kings), who soon bore him a son, afterwards Ferdinand V, king of Spain, and who regarded her stepson as an interloper. When Joanna began to interfere in the internal affairs of Navarre, civil war broke out, and in 1452 Charles, although aided by John II, king of Castile, was defeated and taken prisoner. Released upon promising not to take the kingly title until after his father's death, the prince, again unsuccessful in an appeal to arms, took refuge in Naples with Alphonso V, king of Aragon, Naples and Sicily. In 1458 Alphonso died and John became king of Aragon, while Charles was offered the crowns of Naples and Sicily. He declined these proposals, and having been reconciled with his father returned to Navarre in 1459. Aspiring to marry a Castilian princess, he was then thrown into prison by his father, and the Catalans rose in his favor. This insurrection soon became general and John was obliged to yield. He released his son, and recognized him as perpetual governor of Catalonia, and heir to the kingdom.

Soon afterwards, however, on 23 September 1461, the prince died at Barcelona, not without a suspicion that he had been poisoned by his stepmother. He was promised to marry Catherine of Portugal (daughter of Portuguese King Edward I) when he died.

Charles was a cultured and amiable prince, fond of music and literature. He translated Aristotle's Ethics into Spanish, a work first published at Saragossa in 1509, and wrote a chronicle of the kings of Navarre, Cronica de los reyes de Navarra.

Carlos married Agnes Of CLEVES on 30 Sep 1439. Agnes was born in 1422; died on 06 Apr 1448. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]