Elisabeth DE BOURBON

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Élisabeth de Bourbon (August 1614 - 19 May 1664) was a granddaughter of King Henry IV of France.


Élisabeth was born in Paris. Her father was César de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, legitimised son of King Henry IV of France and his official mistress Gabrielle d'Estrées. Her mother was Françoise of Lorraine (1592?1669), daughter and heiress of Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Merc?ur, himself a rival of Henry IV. Her mother was the Duchess of Merc?ur and Penthièvre in her own right and was the greatest heiress of her time.

Styled as Mademoiselle de Vendôme prior to marriage, she was the second of three children; she had two brothers, the Frondeur François de Bourbon, Duke of Beaufort and Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme whose wife Laura Mancini was a niece of Cardinal Mazarin. They were the parents of Louis Joseph de Bourbon, a very successful military commander and a Marshal of France.

On 11 July 1643 at the Louvre, Mademoiselle de Vendôme married Charles Amadeus of Savoy, Duke of Nemours. The young prince was a member of a cadet branch of the house of Savoy which had settled in France. The young prince was a direct descendant of Philip II, Duke of Savoy as was Élisabeth. They had two daughters who would marry the heirs to the thrones of Savoy and Portugal, and three sons who died shortly after birth.

In 1652 the Duke of Nemours was killed by her brother François, Duke of Beaufort in a duel. Élisabeth herself died in Paris. She managed to secure the income of the lands of Nemours for her two daughters, but the titles were inherited by other members of the family.

Issue
Marie Jeanne of Savoy, Mademoiselle de Nemours (1644?1724) married Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy in 1665.
Stillborn daughter
Marie Françoise of Savoy, Mademoiselle d'Aumale (1646?1683) married Afonso VI of Portugal in 1666 and afterwards Afonso's brother Pedro II of Portugal.
Prince Joseph of Savoy (1649?1649)
Prince Francis of Savoy (1650?1650)
Prince Charles Amadeus of Savoy (1651?1651)

Elisabeth married Charles Amadeus Duke of NEMOURS on 11 Jul 1643. Charles (son of Henri I Duke of NEMOURS and Anne DE LORRAINE) was born on 12 Apr 1624 in Paris, France; died on 30 Jul 1652 in Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Marie Jeanne Baptiste of SAVOY-NEMOURS was born on 11 Apr 1644; died on 15 Mar 1724.

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César de Bourbon, Légitimé de France (3 June 1594 - 22 October 1665) was the illegitimate son of Henry IV of France and his mistress Gabrielle d'Estrées, and founder of the House of Bourbon-Vendome. He held the titles of 1st Duke of Vendôme, 2nd Duke of Beaufort and 2nd Duke of Étampes, but is also simply known as César de Vendôme. Through his daughter, Élisabeth de Bourbon, César was a great-great-great-grandfather of Louis XV of France.


Born at the Château de Coucy in the Picardy region of France; his parents had started their affair in 1591 and César had been the couple's first child. He was legitimised on 3 February 1595, and was created the first Duke of Vendôme by his father in 1598.[1] In the same year, he was engaged to Françoise de Lorraine (1592?1669), "..the wealthiest heiress in France".[1]

In 1598, César was created Duke of Vendome in his own right.[1] One year later he also inherited the titles of Duke of Beaufort and Duke of Étampes upon the death of his mother, who died as a result of a miscarriage in Paris.[2]

He was his father's first son but due to his illegitimacy, was not allowed to inherit the throne; his half-brother, the future Louis XIII of France was born in September 1601 much to the joy of the king.

On 16 July 1608, at the Château de Fontainebleau, Cesar married Françoise de Lorraine (d. 1669), the wealthy heiress of Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Merc?ur. Françoise was the legal heir to the large and separate duchies of Merc?ur and Penthièvre. In 1610, Cesar's father granted him a rank higher than peers of the realm but below princes of the blood(prince du sang).[3]

César was involved in many noble intrigues during the reign of his half-brother Louis XIII of France.[4] Implicated in the conspiracy of Chalais against Cardinal Richelieu, he and his brother Alexandre, the Chevalier de Vendôme, were imprisoned in the Château de Vincennes in 1626.[5] He was released in 1630.[6]

In 1632, he returned to France but was soon accused of plotting the death of Richelieu and was exiled again, first to Holland then to England.[7] He did not return until 1642. Soon after his return he took part in the cabale des Importants against Cardinal Mazarin, together with his second son François - this led to yet another exile, till 1650. The marriage of his son Louis to Laura Mancini brought about his reconciliation with Mazarin, and he supported Anne of Austria throughout the Fronde.

He reconciled with his half-brother in December 1642, a year before his death and the accession of his nephew Louis XIV. The reconciliation occurred after the death of Richelieu.

César led the royal troops against the rebels in Burgundy, of which he was appointed governor in 1650; appointed Grand Admiral of France in 1651 he helped to capture the insurgent stronghold of Bordeaux in July 1653. Joining French forces in the ongoing war with Spain, he defeated a Spanish fleet off Barcelona in 1655.

Early in 1665 the Duke of Vendôme was created the Grand Master of Navigation. He died later that year on 22 October 1665 in Paris and was buried in the chapel of Saint-Georges at the Château of Vendôme.

Issue
Louis de Bourbon, 2nd Duke of Vendôme (1612?1669) married Laura Mancini and had issue;
François de Bourbon, 2nd Duke of Beaufort (1616?1669) never married, had issue;
Élisabeth de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Vendôme (Paris, August 1614 ? Paris, 19 May 1664), married in Paris on 11 July 1643 Charles Amédée of Savoy, Duke of Nemours.

Cesar married Duchess of Vendome Francoise DE LORRAINE. Francoise (daughter of Duke of Mercoeur Philippe Emmanuel DE LORRAINE and Duchess of Penthievre Marie DE LUXEMBOURG) was born in Nov 1592 in France; died on 8 Sep 1669 in Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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Françoise of Lorraine (November 1592 - 8 September 1669) was a princess of Lorraine and daughter-in-law of Henry IV of France. Sometimes known as Françoise de Merc?ur, she belonged to the Merc?ur cadet branch of the sovereign Dukes of Lorraine and was a niece of Louise of Lorraine, wife of the previous King Henry III. Françoise was the heiress of her father and, as such, was the Duchess of Merc?ur and Penthièvre suo jure.



Françoise was the younger of two children. She was born in November 1592 with the exact date unknown; her only sibling, Philippe Louis, died in 1590 aged one making her the heiress to a large private fortune. During the reign of Henry III, her father had put himself at the head of the Catholic League in Brittany, and had himself proclaimed protector of the Roman Catholic Church in the province in 1588. Invoking the hereditary rights of his wife, who was a descendant of the Dukes of Brittany, he endeavoured to make himself independent in that province, and organised a government at Nantes, calling his son "prince and duke of Brittany".


With the aid of the Spaniards he defeated Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier, whom Henry IV of France had sent against him, at Craon in 1592. The king marched against Meroeur in person. As part of their peace they drew up a marriage contract in 1596 whereby his daughter, would marry Henry's legitimised son.[1]

The French and Spanish then signed the Peace of Vervins on 2 May 1598 when Françoise was 6; part of the treaty again stipulated that the young Françoise would be engaged to the illegitimate child of Henry IV, César de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme. Vendôme was the eldest child of the King and his mistress Gabrielle d'Estrées.[citation needed]

The wedding took place at the palace of Fontainebleau on 16 July 1609. The bride was 16, the groom 15. The couple had three children and were the paternal grandparents of le Grand Vendôme. Due to the marriage contract, César acquired the right to manage her lands. Her husband died disgraced in 1665, having been involved in the Fronde and having been accused of trying to poison Cardinal Richelieu. In the same year she went to Savoy with her granddaughter Marie Jeanne of Savoy, who wed Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy on 20 May 1665. The duchies of Merc?ur and Penthièvre were inherited by her eldest son. Françoise died in Paris in 1669 aged 77 and was buried there. Other fiefs that Françoise owned were the princedom of Martigues, the duchy of Étampes and the seigneurie of Ancenis.[citation needed]

Issue
Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme (1612?1669) married Laura Mancini and had issue.
Élisabeth de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Vendôme (1614?1664) married Charles Amadeus of Savoy, Duke of Nemours and had issue.
François de Bourbon, Duke of Beaufort (1616?1669) died unmarried.