John 'Lackland' King Of ENGLAND

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: John Plantagenet
• Fact: Between 1199 and 1216, King of England
• Crowned: 27 May 1199, Westminster Abbey

Notes:

[Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01364
Reigned 1199-1216. Signed Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede. His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he has lost several continental possesions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160. King of Ireland 1177, Count of Mortain 1189, Earl of Gloucester.Called Lackland because by the time he was born, his older brothers' inheritances had been decided, and there was little left for him (Warren, King John, pg 28). Barber, The Devil's Crown, pg 53 states: that "no provision was made for John, who, born nine years after the last son's birth, was too young to be considered in an age when infant mortality was very high."

Name:
John of England (Lackland), brother and heir, youngest son, was born at Oxford on 24 Dec 1167. His father's attempt to provide territory in France for him provoked rebellion by is older brothers. His father granted him the lordship of Ireland in 1177, and arranged his succession to the earldom of Gloucester. His father's continued favour to him contributed to the rebellion of John's older brother Richard I, though at the end of Henry's reign John deserted his father to support Richard who, on accession as King in 1189, made John Comte de Mortagne in Normandy. John was married for the first tine at Marlebridge on 29 Aug 1189 to Isabel of Gloucester, Countess of Gloucester, youngest daughter and co-heiress of William FitzRobert, Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester. Henry had arranged the marriage before his death, but it was delayed because Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, had forbidden it on account of consanguinity (the were both great-grandchildren of King Henry I). On appeal to Rome the papal legate in England annulled the Archbishop's interdict. John became Earl of Gloucester 'jure uxoris'. Richard, who was childless, acknowledged that his successor as King of England was his and John's nephew Arthur, son of their deceased brother Geoffrey. While Richard was on crusade John broke his promise not to enter England during Richard's absence and, on learning of Richard's imprisonment in Germany, attempted, though unsuccessfully, to seize control of England. On Richard's return John was banished and disinherited though he was pardoned and recognized as heir when Arthur fell into the hands of the king of France, Philippe II. On the death of Richard in 1199, John took the Throne, and was crowned King of England on Ascension Day 27 May 1199. In 1199, through the Archbishop of Bordeaux and the Bishops of Poitier and Saintonge, and after a ten-year childless marriage, John obtained a divorce from his wife on the grounds of consanguinity. This enraged the Roman Curia as presuming to dissolve what had been joined by their authority. He intervened in the politics of his county of Poitou, and in trying to settle the quarrel between the rival families of Lusignan and Angouleme, was married for the second time at Bordeaux on 24 Aug 1200 to Isabelle D'Angouleme, daughter and heiress of Aymer Taillefer, Comte d'Angouleme, by Alice, daughter of Pierre de France, Seigneur de Courtenay. She was born in 1188, and had been betrothed to Hugues IX de Lusignan, Cote de La Marche. She was crowned on 8 Oct 1200. War with France followed John's refusal to appear before Philippe II concerning the grievance of the Lusignans. At first John was successful in defending his Frence lands, capturing his nephew Arthur (who died in custody), but in 1204 lost Normandy, Anjou, Maine and Touraine to the French king. For the next ten years John resided almost permanently in England (the first such Angevin king) and attempted to restore his finances for further warfare in France by determined taxation and exploitation of his feudal prerogatives (later the basis for the charge of tyranny). When he insisted on his, rather the Pope's right to nominate the Archbishop of Canterbury, Pope Innocent III in 1208 imposed an Interdict on England suspending all religious services, and excommunicating King John. After five years of amassing the revenues of vacant or appropriated sees and abbeys, John agreed to become a vassal to the Pope for an annual tribute of one thousand marks, with absolution from excommunication and the lifting of the Interdict. John continued his fight with the French, now with the Pope as his ally, but attempts finally collapsed with the defeat of his continental allies at Bouvines in 1214. An alliance of barons took advantage of this defeat to launch a rebellion which was successful in forcing John to a comprehensive and humiliating Magna Charta ensuring the feudal rights of the barons and the reinstatement of English law, signed at Runnymede on 19 June 1215. John soon repudiated the charter and civil war resumed. John of England, King of England, died suddenly in the midst of campaigning at Newark on 19 Oct 1216, and was buried at Worcester Cathedral where his effigy is to be seen on his tomb.

John's loss of the French dominions, his disputes with Rome, and a high level of taxation had the English nobility up in arms against him. In 1215 they forced the King to sign the Magna Carta, guaranteeing their rights in relation to those of the crown. This led to civil war, which only ended with John's death.

Despite his problems with France and the English barons, recent historical research suggests that John was a keen administrator, a good general, an astute diplomat, and a hard-working and intelligent ruler with a strong sense of justice.

Family/Spouse: Joan Of WALES. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Joan Princess Of WALES was born well before 1200; died between 30 Mar 1236 and 02 Feb 1237.
2. Richard FITZ ROY died before 24 Jun 1246.
3. Oliver Prince Of WALES died in 1219 in Damietta; was buried in Westminster Abbey.
4. Geoffrey Prince Of WALES died in 1205.
5. Osbert Giffard Of WALES
6. John Prince Of WALES
7. Henry Prince Of WALES

John married Isabel Of GLOUCESTER on 29 Aug 1189 in Marlebridge. Isabel (daughter of William FITZ ROBERT and Hawise DE BEAUMONT) died on 14 Oct 1217; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Isabella Of ANGOULEME on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Isabella (daughter of Aymer "Taillifer" DE VALENCE and Alice DE COURTENAY) was born in 1188 in Angouleme; died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevraud; was buried in Fontevrault Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Henry III King Of ENGLAND was born on 01 Oct 1207 in Winchester, England; died on 16 Nov 1272 in Westminster Palace, London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England.
2. Richard Of ENGLAND was born on 05 Jan 1209 in Winchester, England; died on 02 Apr 1272 in Berkhampstead, Hertfrodshire, England; was buried on 13 Apr 1272 in Hayles Abbey.
3. Joan Of ENGLAND was born on 22 Jul 1210 in Coucy, Alsne, France; died on 5 Mar 1238 in Havering-atte-Bower, Essex; was buried in Tarrant, Keynstan,Dorsetshire, England.
4. Isabel Of ENGLAND was born in 1214 in Gloucester, England; died on 01 Dec 1241 in Fogia, Apulia, Italy; was buried in Andria, Bari, Apulia, Italy.
5. Alianore Of ENGLAND was born in 1215 in Gloucester, England; died on 13 Apr 1275 in Montargis, Loiret, France; was buried in Montargis, France.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Henry II Curt mantel Plantagenet
• Fact: Count of Maine and Anjou
• Fact: Reigned until 1189
• Name: Henry Of Anjou
• Name: II Henry
• Birth: 25 Mar 1133
• Fact: Between 1154 and 1189, King of England
• Crowned: 19 Dec 1154, Westminster Abbey

Notes:

Henry was crowned December 19, 1154 at Westminster Abbey. He was called Curtmantle because of the short capes he preferred over the stylish longer capes.

Name:
He became Duc de Normandie et du Maine, and Comte d'Anjou by inheritance from his mother and father. By his marriage to Eleanore of Aquitaine, Henry acquired the duchy of Aquitaine together with Gascony, Poitou and Auvergne. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153 Henry was recognised as King Stephen's heir. He reached England on 8 Dec 1154, and crowned King of England on 19 Dec 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components), was termed the 'Angevin empire' (as his father was Cote d'Anjou). The overlord of his French lands, the king of France, had directed control of a much smaller domain than henry himself. In 1171 Henry annexed Ireland though controlling the eastern part only. He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of presentment of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices thereby discouraging local self-help violent ejection and usurpation. By relying on financial and legal experts and a permanent court at Westminster he fostered the establishment of those two professions and the replacement of Roman law by English common law. Henry's reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor Thomas Becket, who, as Archbishop of Canterbury, was murdered in his cathedral at Henry's instigation in 1170. Henry spent much of his reign in France, upholding his authority in his numerous lordships and attempting to extend his rule. There he encountered the hostility of the French kings, who encouraged the grievances of his quarrelsome sons. Henry II of England, King of England, died at Chinon in Normandy on 8 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. They were buried at Fontevralt Abbey in Anjou, where their tomb effigies may be seen.

The Plantagenets
1154-1399

The surname of this remarkable family derives from the nickname borne of Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, between 1129 and 1251. Geoffrey, the father of Henry II, wore a spring of flowering broom (Planta genista) as his personal badge.

The first Plantagenet king of England was Henry II, and he is generally regarded as the greatest of them. Thirteen more kings followed him in a dynasty that ruled for 331 years, although for the last 86 years, rival families within the dynasty struggling to seize the crown took the names of Lancaster and York, even though all were Plantagenets. for much of this long period, the kings were involved in costly and largely unproductive wars with France and Scotland, and in power struggles with the over-mighty barons at home. As a dynasty, the Plantagenets made their greatest contribution in the development of English law, especially the unique Common Law, and by sponsoring a splendid architectural heritage.

Henry's succession in 1154 made him lord of a vast empire, and he was equipped with all the intellectual and physical qualities to rule it well. Henry began by destroying the castles built by rebellious barons during Stephen's reign, and then set about regulating the power of the Church. Although the latter years of his reign were plagues by family revolts, his vast empire was still intact when he died in 1189.

When Henry I became King of England in 1154 he was already Count of Anjou and of Touraine, andDuke of Normandy and of Aquitaine. As such, he was lord of an empire that stretched from the Cheviot Hills down to the Pyrenees, his territories in France exceeding even those of the French king. Known as the Angevin Empire (because the country of Anjou lay at its heart), this vast domain was held together by diplomacy and force of arms, and remained intact up to the death of Richard I in 1199.

In 1164 Henry se out various Church reforms in the Constitutions of Clarendon. These included the proposal that the clergy or others associated with the Church, if charged with a criminal offence, should be tried in the civil courts, and tat no appeal could be made to rome without the Kings consent. Despite fierce opposition from the Church, these reforms were adopted. The King quarreled with Thomas a Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, over the new laws and, although the two men were reconciled, they again quarreled in 1170. In exasperation, henry cried out: 'Will not someone rid me of this turbulent priest?' Four of Henry's knights responded to the King's outburst and set off for Canterbury, where they pursued the archbishop into his cathedral and murdered him in front of the altar.

Henry married Eleanor Of AQUITAINE on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, France. Eleanor (daughter of William X Duke Of AQUITAINE and Eleanor DE CHATELLERAULT) was born about 1122 in Chateau De Belin, Bordeaux, Aquitaine; died on 31 Mar 1204 in Poiters, Poitou, Aquitaine; was buried in Abbeye De Fontevrault, Fontevrault, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Eleanor Of Aquitaine
• Name: Eleanor Aquatine
• Crowned: Between 17 and 19 Dec 1154, Queen of England at Westminster Abbey
• Crowned: 25 Dec 1137, Queen of France at Bourges

Notes:

Eleanor was crowned with her husband on December 19, 1154 at Westminster Abbey.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: 1129, Comte d'Anjou
• Fact: 1144, Duke of Normandy

Notes:

He was called Geoffrey Plantagenet because of the sprig of broom or planta genista which he was said to have worn in his hat. His son, Henry II, became the first of the Plantagenet kings.
He was also known as Count of Anjou and Maine and Touraine, Duke of Normandy.

Name:
On Henry's death in 1135, he claimed the duchy of Normandie, conquering it in 1144. He held the duchy, with that of Anjou, until granting them to his son Henry.

Geoffrey married Maud 'the Empress Maud' Of ENGLAND on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans. Maud (daughter of Henry I "Beauclerc" King Of ENGLAND and Matilda Of SCOTLAND) was born on 7 Feb 1102 in Winchester, England; died on 10 Sep 1167 in Notre Dame, France; was buried in Abbey Of Bec. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Matilda and Henry V had no issues.
• Fact: Empress of Germany
• Crowned: 07 Jan 1114

Notes:

Excerpt from Blood Royal: Her remains were reinterred in 1282 before the high altar; during the revolution, her grave was detroyed. According to the "Dictionary of National Biography", the church and tomb were destroyed by fire in 1263; when it was restored in 1282, her remains were found, 'wrapped in an ox-hide." Her new tomb was stripped of its decorations by the English in 1421; a brass plate marking her grave in 1684 was lost in 1793; and the church was demolished in 1841. In 1846, her lead coffin was rediscovered and moved to the cathedral church of Rouen.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: William VIII of Poitou
• Fact: 1126-1137, Count of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou

William married Eleanor DE CHATELLERAULT in 1121. Eleanor (daughter of Aimeri I Viscount Of CHATELLERAULT and Dangereuse De L'Isle BOUCHARD) was born about 1105 in Chatellerault, Poitou, Aquitaine; died after Mar 1130. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: "le Jeune", King of Jerusalem
• Fact: Crusader
• Fact: Comte d'Anjou
• Fact: 1131, King of Jerusalem

Foulques married Ermengarde DE MAINE about 1108/10 in France. Ermengarde (daughter of Helie De La Fleche Of ANJOU and Matilde De Chateau DU LOIRE) was born about 1096 in Maine, France; died in 1126 in Maine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Countess of Anjo Ermentrude

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 25 Dec 1066, Acceded - Westminster Abbey, London, England
• Birth: 1070, Selby, Yorkshire, England
• Fact: Between 1100 and 1135, Reigned as King of England
• Crowned: 06 Aug 1100, Westminster Abbey
• Fact: Between 1106 and 1135, Duke of Normandy

Notes:

Henry was the only one of his father's children to be born in England. Henry I was called Beauclerc because of his love of learning and knowledge. Concerning the name, Henry; according to "Complete Peerage" by Cokayne, Vol. 3, Appendix C, "Before Henry VII the name Henry appeared almost invariably in the forms 'Harry' or Herry' in English Privy Seals." Henry and Adela had no children. Again according the "Complete Peerage", Vol 11, Appendix D, "it seems fairly certain that Henry was the father of at least 9 sons and 11 daughters." It adds, however, "there is no satisfactory modern list of Henry's bastards." Given-Wilson and Curteis (pg 60) state that Henry was father of "at least twenty royal bastards, more than any other king in English history.". There were advantages to a king's having bastards. The marriages of bastards could be used to cement alliances, and, most importantly, bastards were greatly loyal: "being illegitimate, they were almost entirely dependent on the king for advancement.

Henry married Matilda Of SCOTLAND on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, England. Matilda (daughter of Malcolm III CANMORE and St. Margaret Of SCOTLAND) was born in 1079 in Dunfermline, Scotland; died on 01 May 1118 in Westminster, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Crowned: 11 Nov 1100, Westminster Abbey

Notes:

"All traces of her tomb has disappeared."

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: William VII of Poitou
• Fact: Duke of Aquitaine
• Fact 1: first known singer-poet in the vernacular
• Fact: 1101, Crusader
• Fact: 1086-1126, Count of Poitou

William married Philippa Of TOULOUSE in 1094, and was divorced in 1115. Philippa (daughter of William IV Count Of TOULOUSE and Emma DE MORTAIN) was born about 1073 in Toulouse, France; died on 28 Nov 1117. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Fontevrault Abbey was founded in 1099 by Robert d'Abrissel, a Breton hermit, who believed that women made better administrators than men. Monks and nuns from the highest families inhabited Fontevrault under the leadership of an abbess. Philippa of Toulouse was a passionate follower of d'Abrissel and more than likely assisted in the founding and works of the abbey. Burials in the abbey church include Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, their daughter, Joanna, and their son, Richard I. Isabel of Angouleme, wife of Joh, King of England, is also buried there. The abbey was suppressed in 1792 and became, under Napolean, a prison. In 1963, the prison was closed and restoration work was begun.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: bef 1144

Aimeri married Dangereuse De L'Isle BOUCHARD. Dangereuse (daughter of Bartholomew Seigneur De L'Isle BOUCHARD and ? UNKNOWN) was born about 1080. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Dangerose was also mistress of William VII of Poitou

Notes:

Dangereuse, after having had three children by her husband, became the mistress of Eleanor's grandfather, William IX. After William IX brought Dangereuse to live in the ducal palace in Poitiers, his whife, Philippa of toulouse, withdrew to the Abbey of Fontevrault, where on November 28, 1118 she died "whether from illness or wretchedness there is no way of knowing." To secure her position with the Duke, Dangereuse reportedly arranged for her daughter, Aenor, to marry the Duke's son, William, in 1121.