Edward I "Longshanks"Of ENGLAND

Male 1239 - 1307  (68 years)


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Generation: 1

  1. 1.  Edward I "Longshanks"Of ENGLAND was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, England (son of Henry III King Of ENGLAND and Eleanor Of PROVENCE); died on 07 Jul 1307 in Burgh-on-the-Sands, near Carlisle; was buried on 28 Oct 1307 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Burial: Westminster Abbey, London, England
    • Name: Edward I Longshanks
    • Fact: 1272, Duke of Aquitaine
    • Fact: Between 1272 and 1307, King of England
    • Fact: 19 Aug 1272, Crowned
    • Crowned: 19 Aug 1274, Westerminster Abbey

    Notes:

    Edward was called the Hammer of the Scots.

    Illegitimate Issue: John De Botetourte (d. 25 Nov 1324), 1st Lord Botetourte, is listed by Taute' and Weis as an illegitimate son of Edward I; He married Maud, daughter of Thomas Fitz Otes (b. abt. 1231; d. by 28 March 1274) and Beatrice De Beauchamp (d. abt 1280/1281).[Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

    [ingram1.FTW]

    http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01261
    Reigned 1272-1307
    In the Barons war 1264-67 he defeated the Barons at Evesham (1265) as King he is noted for encouraging Parliamentary institutions at the expense of feudalism and for subduing Wales on which he imposed the English system of administration. He later tried to assert his authority over Scotland and died while on his way to fight Robert Bruce.

    Name:
    Edward I of England (Longshanks), King of England, son and heir, was born at Westminster, Middlesex, on 17 June 1239, and was named after the Anglo-Saxon king Edward the Confessor whose memory was honoured by King Henry. He was granted Gascony and was created Earl of Chester on 14 Feb 1254. to prevent the rebellious Gascons from obtaining help from Castille, his marriage was arranged. he was married for the first time at monastery of Las Huelgas in Spain on 18 Oct 1254 (he being fifteen and she ten years of age) to Alianore De Castille, daughter of Fernando III, Rey de Castilla y Leon, by his second wife Jeanne, daughter of Simon de Dammartin, Comte d'Aumale et de Ponthieu. She was born about 1244. In the conflict between his father, King Henry III, and the barons led by Simon de Montfort, Edward at first supported Monfort, but then supported his father, slaying Montfort at Evesham on 4 Aug 1265. Edward took the cross in 1268 and was on crusade at Acre in the Holy Land from May 1271 to September 1272. On his return journey to England he was in the kingdom of Sicily when he learned of his father's death, and paid homage at paris to his cousin the French King, Philippe III, for his French lands. He landed at Dover in England on 2 Aug 1274, and was crowned King of England at Westminster on 19 Aug 1274. Having learned much from the civil war of his father's reign, he embarked on the restoration of royal authority with the institution of inquiries into the authority by which landowners held their jurisdictions and overhauled the civil and criminal law. From 1275 to 1307, he summoned, as had Montfort before him, representatives of the shires and boroughs to parliaments, that is, meetings of the king with the principal men of the realm. This improved relations between the king and the borough communities and committed them to some support of his policies, although Edward had no intention of sharing royal authority. Edward was much concerned with asserting his claims to sovereignty over the whole of Britain. In 1277 he defeated Llewellyn, Prince of North Wales, and in the early 1280s conquered the latter's principality and annexed it to the English Crown. The hereditary Anglo-Norman lords continued to rule the marches of Wales with the overlordship of the English Crown. The dying out of he direct Scottish royal line in 1290 enabled Edward to press his claim to the overlordship of Scotland but he met resistance from his choice as King of the Scots, John Balliol. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, deposed Balliol and sought to occupy the kingdom. William Wallace, a supporter of Balliol, began a successful rebellion, but was decisively defeated by Edward in Falkirk in 1298. Robert Bruce, whose grandfather had been a claimant to the Scottish throne, and who was a rival of the Balliols, rebelled, and was crowned king in 1306. In 1294 Edward had become embroiled in war with his overlord, the French king, Philippe IV, who was asserting himself in the affairs of Edward's Duchy of Gascony. The extortionate demands for services and money to fight Philippe and to suppress Scottish resistance alienated his English subjects in his later years and provoked renewed baronial opposition.

    Edward married Countess of Ponthieu Eleanor of CASTILE on 18 Oct 1254. Eleanor (daughter of Ferdinand III "The Saint" of CASTILE and Jeanne DE DAMMARTIN) was born in 1244 in Burgos, Burgos, Castile, Spain; died on 29 Nov 1290 in Herdeby, Lincolnshire; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, ENGL. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. Joan Of ENGLAND was born in 1260 in Windsor, England; died before 7 Sep 1265 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey.
    2. Alianor Of ENGLAND was born on 17 Jun 1264 in Windsor, England; died between 12 Oct 1297 and 1298 in Ghent; was buried in Chapter-House of Westminster Abbey.
    3. John Of ENGLAND was born on 10 Jun 1266 in Windsor, England; died on 3 Aug 1271 in Westminster Palace; was buried in Westminster Abbey.
    4. Henry Of ENGLAND was born on 13 Jul 1267 in Windsor, England; died on 14 Oct 1274 in Merton, Surrey; was buried in Westminster Abbey.
    5. Juliana Of ENGLAND was born in 1271 in Holy Land; died on 05 Sep 1271 in Holy Land.
    6. Joan (of Acre) Of ENGLAND was born in 1272 in Acre, Palestine; died on 23 Apr 1307 in Clare, Sufolk, England; was buried in Clare Priory.
    7. Alphonso Of ENGLAND was born on 24 Nov 1273 in Maine; died on 19 Aug 1284 in Windsor Castle; was buried in Westminster Abbey.
    8. Margaret Of ENGLAND was born on 11 Sep 1275 in Windsor, England; died in 1318 in Brussels; was buried in Collegiate Church of St. Gudule, Brussels.
    9. Berengaria Of ENGLAND was born in 1276 in Kennington, Berkshire, England; died about 1279; was buried in Chapel of St. Edward, Westminster.
    10. Mary Of ENGLAND was born on 11 Mar 1278 in Windsor, England; died before 08 Jul 1332 in Amesbury; was buried in Amesbury.
    11. Isabella Of ENGLAND was born in 1279; died in 1279.
    12. Alice Of ENGLAND was born on 12 Mar 1279 in Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England; died in 1291.
    13. Elizabeth Of ENGLAND was born on 07 Aug 1282 in Rhuddlan Castle, Flintshire, Wales; died on 05 May 1316 in Quendon, Essex, England; was buried on 23 May 1316 in Walden Abbey.
    14. Edward II King Of ENGLAND was born on 25 Apr 1284 in Caernarvon Castle, Caernarvonshire, Wales; died on 21 Sep 1327 in (Murdered) Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucesteshire, England; was buried in Gloucester Cathedral,Gloucestershire, England.
    15. Beatrice Of ENGLAND was born in 1286 in Aquitaine, England; died in young.
    16. Blanche Of ENGLAND was born in 1290; died in 1290.

    Edward married Margaret Of FRANCE on 10 Sep 1299. Margaret (daughter of Philip III and Marie Of BRABANT) was born in 1275/79; died on 14 Feb 1317 in Marlborough Castle; was buried in Grey Friars Church, London. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. Thomas "Of Brotherton" of NORFOLK was born on 01 Jun 1300 in Brotherton, Yorkshire, England; died in Aug 1338; was buried in Abbey of Bury St. Edmunds.
    2. Edmund 'of Woodstock' Of KENT was born on 05 Aug 1301 in Woodstock; died on 19 Mar 1330 in Beheaded; was buried in Church of the Friars Minors, Winchester.
    3. Alianor Of ENGLAND was born on 04 May 1306 in Winchester, England; died in 1311 in Amesbury, Wiltshire.

    Family/Spouse: ? UNKNOWN. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. John DE BOTETOURTE died on 25 Nov 1324.

Generation: 2

  1. 2.  Henry III King Of ENGLAND was born on 01 Oct 1207 in Winchester, England (son of John 'Lackland' King Of ENGLAND and Isabella Of ANGOULEME); died on 16 Nov 1272 in Westminster Palace, London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Birth: 10 Oct 1206/7, Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England
    • Crowned: 28 Oct 1216, Gloucester Cathedral
    • Crowned: 17 May 1220, Westerminster Abbey

    Notes:

    [Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

    [ingram1.FTW]

    http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01281
    Reigned 1216-1272. A minor when he took the throne he did not take the reigns of Government himself until 1234. Baronian discontent simmered, boiling over in 1258 when Henry facing financial disaster attempted to raise large sums from his magnates. Reforms were agreed upon but then renouced by Henry. Simon de Montford lead a rebellion against the King (the Barons Wars) which was defeated after initial success, thereafter Hnery ceeded much of his power to his son. Burke say he was born 10 Oct 1206 and married 14 Jan, crowned 1216.Henry III was buried at Westminster abbey, however, his heart was buried at Fontevrault.

    According to "Blood Royal": it is extremely unlikely that Henry III had any mistresses, and no illegitimate issue for him is recorded. Through 36 years of married life, until Henry's death (at 65), he and his Queen remained devoted to one another.

    Name:
    Henry III of England (of Winchester), King of England, son and heir, was born at Winchester Castle on 1 Oct 1207. He was crowned, aged nine, at Gloucester on 28 Oct 1216. Henry assumed personal rule when he declared himself to be of full age in January 1227, and sought to recover the lands in France lost by his father. Henry's personal rule in the direction of royal finances without the participation of the barons provoked discontent. The barons were further repelled by the influence over his government by his Queen's Savoyard kinsmen. His Lusignan half-brothers involved him in a disastrous foray in France. Henry's need for financial support compelled him in 1258 to agree to the creation of a privy council of barons to advise him and to oversee the administration of government. Henry sought help fro the French king, Louis IX,and in 1259 made peace abandoning claim to the lost lands in France (the titles of Duc de Normandie and Comte d'Anjou in 1259, also renouncing claims to the counties of Maine, Touraine, and Poitou) and agreeing to hold the province still in his hands, the Duchy of Gascony, as a feudal vassal of Louis and his successors. His major baronial opponent by 1264 was his brother-in-law Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester. In the ensuing civil war Montfort captured Henry and his eldest son, Edward, at the battle of Lewes in Sussex on 14 May 1264. Montfort ruled England in Henry's name until he was defeated and killed at the battle of Evesham on 4 Aug 1265 by Henry's son, the future King Edward I who assumed effective control of the government.

    Henry married Eleanor Of PROVENCE on 04 Jan 1236 in Canterbury, C, England. Eleanor (daughter of Raymond IV BERENGAR and Beatrice Of SAVOY) was born between 1217 and 1222 in Aix-en-Provence, France; died on 24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  2. 3.  Eleanor Of PROVENCE was born between 1217 and 1222 in Aix-en-Provence, France (daughter of Raymond IV BERENGAR and Beatrice Of SAVOY); died on 24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Name: Elbeonore Countess Of Provence
    • Birth: Abt 1223, Aix-en-Provence, France
    • Crowned: 20 Jan 1236, Westminster Abbey

    Notes:

    Elbeonore was buried at Convent Church, Amesbury, however, hr heart was buried in the Church of Friars Minors (Minories), London.

    Children:
    1. 1. Edward I "Longshanks"Of ENGLAND was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, England; died on 07 Jul 1307 in Burgh-on-the-Sands, near Carlisle; was buried on 28 Oct 1307 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England.
    2. Margaret Of ENGLAND was born on 29 Sep 1240 in Windsor, England; died on 26 Feb 1275 in Cupar Castle, Cuper, Fifeshire,Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland.
    3. Beatrice Of ENGLAND was born on 25 Jun 1242 in Bordeaux, Gascogne, France; died on 24 Mar 1274/5 in Bretagne, France; was buried in Grey Friars, Newgate, Middlesex, England.
    4. Edmund 'Crouchback' Of LANCASTER was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London; died on 05 Jun 1296 in Bayonne, Pyrennes-Atlantiques, France; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England.
    5. Richard Of ENGLAND was born about 1247 in Westminster, England; died before 1256 in Westminster, Middlesex, England.
    6. John Of ENGLAND was born about 1250 in Westminster, England; died before 1256 in Westminster, Middlesex, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey.
    7. Katherine Of ENGLAND was born on 25 Nov 1253 in Westminster, London, Middlesex, England; died on 03 May 1256/7 in Westminster,Middlesex, England; was buried in Westerminster Abbey.
    8. William Prince Of ENGLAND was born about 1256 in Westminster, England; died in 1256; was buried in New Temple, London, Middlesex, England.
    9. Henry Of ENGLAND was born in Westminster, England; died in Died Young; was buried in Westminster Abbey.


Generation: 3

  1. 4.  John 'Lackland' King Of ENGLAND was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England (son of Henry II 'Curtmantle' King Of ENGLAND and Eleanor Of AQUITAINE); died on 18 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Worcester Cathedral.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Also Known As: John Plantagenet
    • Fact: Between 1199 and 1216, King of England
    • Crowned: 27 May 1199, Westminster Abbey

    Notes:

    [Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

    http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01364
    Reigned 1199-1216. Signed Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede. His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he has lost several continental possesions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died. Burke says he was born in 1160. King of Ireland 1177, Count of Mortain 1189, Earl of Gloucester.Called Lackland because by the time he was born, his older brothers' inheritances had been decided, and there was little left for him (Warren, King John, pg 28). Barber, The Devil's Crown, pg 53 states: that "no provision was made for John, who, born nine years after the last son's birth, was too young to be considered in an age when infant mortality was very high."

    Name:
    John of England (Lackland), brother and heir, youngest son, was born at Oxford on 24 Dec 1167. His father's attempt to provide territory in France for him provoked rebellion by is older brothers. His father granted him the lordship of Ireland in 1177, and arranged his succession to the earldom of Gloucester. His father's continued favour to him contributed to the rebellion of John's older brother Richard I, though at the end of Henry's reign John deserted his father to support Richard who, on accession as King in 1189, made John Comte de Mortagne in Normandy. John was married for the first tine at Marlebridge on 29 Aug 1189 to Isabel of Gloucester, Countess of Gloucester, youngest daughter and co-heiress of William FitzRobert, Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester. Henry had arranged the marriage before his death, but it was delayed because Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, had forbidden it on account of consanguinity (the were both great-grandchildren of King Henry I). On appeal to Rome the papal legate in England annulled the Archbishop's interdict. John became Earl of Gloucester 'jure uxoris'. Richard, who was childless, acknowledged that his successor as King of England was his and John's nephew Arthur, son of their deceased brother Geoffrey. While Richard was on crusade John broke his promise not to enter England during Richard's absence and, on learning of Richard's imprisonment in Germany, attempted, though unsuccessfully, to seize control of England. On Richard's return John was banished and disinherited though he was pardoned and recognized as heir when Arthur fell into the hands of the king of France, Philippe II. On the death of Richard in 1199, John took the Throne, and was crowned King of England on Ascension Day 27 May 1199. In 1199, through the Archbishop of Bordeaux and the Bishops of Poitier and Saintonge, and after a ten-year childless marriage, John obtained a divorce from his wife on the grounds of consanguinity. This enraged the Roman Curia as presuming to dissolve what had been joined by their authority. He intervened in the politics of his county of Poitou, and in trying to settle the quarrel between the rival families of Lusignan and Angouleme, was married for the second time at Bordeaux on 24 Aug 1200 to Isabelle D'Angouleme, daughter and heiress of Aymer Taillefer, Comte d'Angouleme, by Alice, daughter of Pierre de France, Seigneur de Courtenay. She was born in 1188, and had been betrothed to Hugues IX de Lusignan, Cote de La Marche. She was crowned on 8 Oct 1200. War with France followed John's refusal to appear before Philippe II concerning the grievance of the Lusignans. At first John was successful in defending his Frence lands, capturing his nephew Arthur (who died in custody), but in 1204 lost Normandy, Anjou, Maine and Touraine to the French king. For the next ten years John resided almost permanently in England (the first such Angevin king) and attempted to restore his finances for further warfare in France by determined taxation and exploitation of his feudal prerogatives (later the basis for the charge of tyranny). When he insisted on his, rather the Pope's right to nominate the Archbishop of Canterbury, Pope Innocent III in 1208 imposed an Interdict on England suspending all religious services, and excommunicating King John. After five years of amassing the revenues of vacant or appropriated sees and abbeys, John agreed to become a vassal to the Pope for an annual tribute of one thousand marks, with absolution from excommunication and the lifting of the Interdict. John continued his fight with the French, now with the Pope as his ally, but attempts finally collapsed with the defeat of his continental allies at Bouvines in 1214. An alliance of barons took advantage of this defeat to launch a rebellion which was successful in forcing John to a comprehensive and humiliating Magna Charta ensuring the feudal rights of the barons and the reinstatement of English law, signed at Runnymede on 19 June 1215. John soon repudiated the charter and civil war resumed. John of England, King of England, died suddenly in the midst of campaigning at Newark on 19 Oct 1216, and was buried at Worcester Cathedral where his effigy is to be seen on his tomb.

    John's loss of the French dominions, his disputes with Rome, and a high level of taxation had the English nobility up in arms against him. In 1215 they forced the King to sign the Magna Carta, guaranteeing their rights in relation to those of the crown. This led to civil war, which only ended with John's death.

    Despite his problems with France and the English barons, recent historical research suggests that John was a keen administrator, a good general, an astute diplomat, and a hard-working and intelligent ruler with a strong sense of justice.

    John married Isabella Of ANGOULEME on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Isabella (daughter of Aymer "Taillifer" DE VALENCE and Alice DE COURTENAY) was born in 1188 in Angouleme; died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevraud; was buried in Fontevrault Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  2. 5.  Isabella Of ANGOULEME was born in 1188 in Angouleme (daughter of Aymer "Taillifer" DE VALENCE and Alice DE COURTENAY); died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevraud; was buried in Fontevrault Abbey.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Name: Isabella De Taillefer
    • Name: Isabelle Of Angouleme
    • Crowned: 08 Oct 1200, Westminster Abbey

    Notes:

    Isabella, "as a penance for her sins", she desired to be buried humbly in a common cemetary at Fontevrault.
    Her son, Henry III "some years later" had her body moved into the Abbey and ordered an effigy for her tomb.

    Isabella's varying situations demonstrate the modern-day definitions of the different kinds of queens. When she was married to the reigning king, she was a queen consort. When John died, she became a queen dowager, and if she had ruled for her young son, Henry III, she would also have been a queen regent.

    Children:
    1. 2. Henry III King Of ENGLAND was born on 01 Oct 1207 in Winchester, England; died on 16 Nov 1272 in Westminster Palace, London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England.
    2. Richard Of ENGLAND was born on 05 Jan 1209 in Winchester, England; died on 02 Apr 1272 in Berkhampstead, Hertfrodshire, England; was buried on 13 Apr 1272 in Hayles Abbey.
    3. Joan Of ENGLAND was born on 22 Jul 1210 in Coucy, Alsne, France; died on 5 Mar 1238 in Havering-atte-Bower, Essex; was buried in Tarrant, Keynstan,Dorsetshire, England.
    4. Isabel Of ENGLAND was born in 1214 in Gloucester, England; died on 01 Dec 1241 in Fogia, Apulia, Italy; was buried in Andria, Bari, Apulia, Italy.
    5. Alianore Of ENGLAND was born in 1215 in Gloucester, England; died on 13 Apr 1275 in Montargis, Loiret, France; was buried in Montargis, France.

  3. 6.  Raymond IV BERENGAR was born in 1198 in France (son of Alfonso and Gersenda Of SABRAN); died on 19 Aug 1245 in Aix, France.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Also Known As: Count of Provence and Forcalquier
    • Lineage: Count of Provence
    • Name: Raymond V Berenger

    Notes:

    [Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

    [ingram1.FTW]

    http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal1881
    Berenger was the last and most illustrious of the Royal ProvenÁal Counts; and, even had he not been the sovereign of the land of song, his own verses would have entitled him to a distinguised rank among the Troubadour poets. He was relatively impoverished count who could provide little dowry for his
    daughters.

    Raymond married Beatrice Of SAVOY on 05 Jun 1219. Beatrice (daughter of Thomas I of SAVOY and Beatrix Of GENEVA) was born in 1198 in Chambbery, Savoie, France; died in Dec 1266 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  4. 7.  Beatrice Of SAVOY was born in 1198 in Chambbery, Savoie, France (daughter of Thomas I of SAVOY and Beatrix Of GENEVA); died in Dec 1266 in France.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Death: 1226

    Notes:

    [Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

    [ingram1.FTW]

    http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal03352
    Celebrated with her husband for learning and literary taste.

    Children:
    1. 3. Eleanor Of PROVENCE was born between 1217 and 1222 in Aix-en-Provence, France; died on 24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England.
    2. Raymond DE PROVENCE was born in 1221 in Aix-En-Provence; died in Died Young.
    3. Margaret Of PROVENCE was born in 1221 in St Maime B., Forcalquier, Bourgogne; died on 21 Dec 1295 in Paris, Isle De France, France; was buried in St Denis, Isle De France.
    4. Sanchia Of PROVENCE was born about 1225 in Aix-En-Provence; died on 09 Nov 1261 in Berkhamstead, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in Hailes Abbey, Hailes, Gloucestershire, England.
    5. Countess of Provence Beatrice Of PROVENCE was born in 1234 in Aix-En-Provence; died on 23 Sep 1267 in Nocera; was buried in Roque-Pymont, France.


Generation: 4

  1. 8.  Henry II 'Curtmantle' King Of ENGLAND was born on 05 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France (son of Geoffrey V Plantagenet 'the fair' D'ANJOU and Maud 'the Empress Maud' Of ENGLAND); died on 06 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, France; was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-Et-Liore, France.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Also Known As: Henry II Curt mantel Plantagenet
    • Fact: Count of Maine and Anjou
    • Fact: Reigned until 1189
    • Name: Henry Of Anjou
    • Name: II Henry
    • Birth: 25 Mar 1133
    • Fact: Between 1154 and 1189, King of England
    • Crowned: 19 Dec 1154, Westminster Abbey

    Notes:

    Henry was crowned December 19, 1154 at Westminster Abbey. He was called Curtmantle because of the short capes he preferred over the stylish longer capes.

    Name:
    He became Duc de Normandie et du Maine, and Comte d'Anjou by inheritance from his mother and father. By his marriage to Eleanore of Aquitaine, Henry acquired the duchy of Aquitaine together with Gascony, Poitou and Auvergne. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153 Henry was recognised as King Stephen's heir. He reached England on 8 Dec 1154, and crowned King of England on 19 Dec 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components), was termed the 'Angevin empire' (as his father was Cote d'Anjou). The overlord of his French lands, the king of France, had directed control of a much smaller domain than henry himself. In 1171 Henry annexed Ireland though controlling the eastern part only. He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of presentment of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices thereby discouraging local self-help violent ejection and usurpation. By relying on financial and legal experts and a permanent court at Westminster he fostered the establishment of those two professions and the replacement of Roman law by English common law. Henry's reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor Thomas Becket, who, as Archbishop of Canterbury, was murdered in his cathedral at Henry's instigation in 1170. Henry spent much of his reign in France, upholding his authority in his numerous lordships and attempting to extend his rule. There he encountered the hostility of the French kings, who encouraged the grievances of his quarrelsome sons. Henry II of England, King of England, died at Chinon in Normandy on 8 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. They were buried at Fontevralt Abbey in Anjou, where their tomb effigies may be seen.

    The Plantagenets
    1154-1399

    The surname of this remarkable family derives from the nickname borne of Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, between 1129 and 1251. Geoffrey, the father of Henry II, wore a spring of flowering broom (Planta genista) as his personal badge.

    The first Plantagenet king of England was Henry II, and he is generally regarded as the greatest of them. Thirteen more kings followed him in a dynasty that ruled for 331 years, although for the last 86 years, rival families within the dynasty struggling to seize the crown took the names of Lancaster and York, even though all were Plantagenets. for much of this long period, the kings were involved in costly and largely unproductive wars with France and Scotland, and in power struggles with the over-mighty barons at home. As a dynasty, the Plantagenets made their greatest contribution in the development of English law, especially the unique Common Law, and by sponsoring a splendid architectural heritage.

    Henry's succession in 1154 made him lord of a vast empire, and he was equipped with all the intellectual and physical qualities to rule it well. Henry began by destroying the castles built by rebellious barons during Stephen's reign, and then set about regulating the power of the Church. Although the latter years of his reign were plagues by family revolts, his vast empire was still intact when he died in 1189.

    When Henry I became King of England in 1154 he was already Count of Anjou and of Touraine, andDuke of Normandy and of Aquitaine. As such, he was lord of an empire that stretched from the Cheviot Hills down to the Pyrenees, his territories in France exceeding even those of the French king. Known as the Angevin Empire (because the country of Anjou lay at its heart), this vast domain was held together by diplomacy and force of arms, and remained intact up to the death of Richard I in 1199.

    In 1164 Henry se out various Church reforms in the Constitutions of Clarendon. These included the proposal that the clergy or others associated with the Church, if charged with a criminal offence, should be tried in the civil courts, and tat no appeal could be made to rome without the Kings consent. Despite fierce opposition from the Church, these reforms were adopted. The King quarreled with Thomas a Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, over the new laws and, although the two men were reconciled, they again quarreled in 1170. In exasperation, henry cried out: 'Will not someone rid me of this turbulent priest?' Four of Henry's knights responded to the King's outburst and set off for Canterbury, where they pursued the archbishop into his cathedral and murdered him in front of the altar.

    Henry married Eleanor Of AQUITAINE on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, France. Eleanor (daughter of William X Duke Of AQUITAINE and Eleanor DE CHATELLERAULT) was born about 1122 in Chateau De Belin, Bordeaux, Aquitaine; died on 31 Mar 1204 in Poiters, Poitou, Aquitaine; was buried in Abbeye De Fontevrault, Fontevrault, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  2. 9.  Eleanor Of AQUITAINE was born about 1122 in Chateau De Belin, Bordeaux, Aquitaine (daughter of William X Duke Of AQUITAINE and Eleanor DE CHATELLERAULT); died on 31 Mar 1204 in Poiters, Poitou, Aquitaine; was buried in Abbeye De Fontevrault, Fontevrault, France.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Also Known As: Eleanor Of Aquitaine
    • Name: Eleanor Aquatine
    • Crowned: Between 17 and 19 Dec 1154, Queen of England at Westminster Abbey
    • Crowned: 25 Dec 1137, Queen of France at Bourges

    Notes:

    Eleanor was crowned with her husband on December 19, 1154 at Westminster Abbey.

    Children:
    1. William Of ENGLAND was born on 17 Aug 1152 in Normandy,Le Mans, France; died in Apr 1156 in Wallingford Castle, Wallingford, Berkshire, England; was buried in Reading Abbey.
    2. Henry Of ENGLAND was born on 28 Feb 1155 in Bermandsey Palace, London, England; died on 11 Jun 1183 in Chateau De Mortel, Turenne, Aquitaine; was buried in Rouen, Normandie.
    3. Matilda Of ENGLAND was born in 1156 in London, Middlesex, England; died on 28 Jun 1189 in Brunswick, Germany; was buried in St. Blasius, Braunschweig, Germany.
    4. Richard I 'Coeur de Loin' King Of ENGLAND was born on 08 Sep 1157 in Oxford, England; died on 06 Apr 1199 in Chalus, France; was buried on 08 Apr 1199 in Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-Et-Loire, France.
    5. Geoffrey Of ENGLAND was born on 23 Sep 1158 in England; died on 19 Aug 1186 in Killed - in Tournament in Paris; was buried in Notre Dame Cathedral.
    6. Alianor Of ENGLAND was born on 13 Oct 1162 in Domfront, Normandie; died on 31 Oct 1214 in Las Huelgas, Burgos, Burgos, Spain; was buried in Monastery of Las Huelgas.
    7. Joan Of ENGLAND was born in Oct 1165 in Angers, France; died on 04 Sep 1199 in Rouen, Normandie; was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-Et-Loire, France.
    8. 4. John 'Lackland' King Of ENGLAND was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England; died on 18 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Worcester Cathedral.

  3. 10.  Aymer "Taillifer" DE VALENCE was born about 1160 in Angouleme, Charente, France (son of William IV (Taillifer) and Marguerite DE TURENNE); died on 16 Jun 1202; was buried in L'abbey La Couroun, France.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Lineage: Count of Angouleme
    • Name: Avner Angouleme
    • Name: Aymer De Valence-Tallifer
    • Death: 1218

    Aymer married Alice DE COURTENAY in Apr 1186 in Angouleme, Aquitaine, France. Alice (daughter of Peter Of FRANCE and Isabelle DE COURTENAY) was born about 1160 in Courtenay, Galinois, France; died between 1205 and 1218 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  4. 11.  Alice DE COURTENAY was born about 1160 in Courtenay, Galinois, France (daughter of Peter Of FRANCE and Isabelle DE COURTENAY); died between 1205 and 1218 in France.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Also Known As: Alix

    Children:
    1. 5. Isabella Of ANGOULEME was born in 1188 in Angouleme; died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevraud; was buried in Fontevrault Abbey.

  5. 12.  Alfonso was born about 1180 in Zaragoza, Spain (son of Alfonso II and Sancha Of CASTILE); died in Feb 1209 in Palermo, Sicily, Italy.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Also Known As: Count of Provence

    Alfonso married Gersenda Of SABRAN in 1193 in France. Gersenda (daughter of Raimon DE SABRAN and Gersinde Countess Of FORCALQUIER) was born about 1181 in Forcalquiers, Basses-Alpes, France; died after 1222. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  6. 13.  Gersenda Of SABRAN was born about 1181 in Forcalquiers, Basses-Alpes, France (daughter of Raimon DE SABRAN and Gersinde Countess Of FORCALQUIER); died after 1222.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Name: Gersinde De Sabran
    • Fact: Between 1213 and 1217, Was a heiress and regent of Provence and Forcalquier
    • Fact: 1222, Was a nun.

    Children:
    1. 6. Raymond IV BERENGAR was born in 1198 in France; died on 19 Aug 1245 in Aix, France.
    2. Gersinde Countess Of PROVENCE was born about 1200.

  7. 14.  Thomas I of SAVOY was born on 20 Mar 1177 in Carbonierres, Savoy, France (son of Humbert III and Beatrice Of MACON); died on 20 Jan 1232 in Aoste, Isere, france; was buried in St. Michael de la Cluse, Aosta, Italy.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Also Known As: Count of Savoy and Maurinne
    • Birth: 20 May 1178, Carbonierres, Savoy, France
    • Death: 01 Mar 1233, Aosta, Italy

    Thomas married Beatrix Of GENEVA in May 1195/6. Beatrix (daughter of William I Of GENEVA and Beatrice DE FAUCIGNY) was born about 1180 in Geneva, Switzerland; died on 13 Apr 1236 in Pierre-Chatel, Isere, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  8. 15.  Beatrix Of GENEVA was born about 1180 in Geneva, Switzerland (daughter of William I Of GENEVA and Beatrice DE FAUCIGNY); died on 13 Apr 1236 in Pierre-Chatel, Isere, France.

    Other Events and Attributes:

    • Also Known As: Marguerite of Geneva andFoucigny
    • Name: Marguerite Of Foucigny

    Children:
    1. Amadeus IV Of SAVOY was born in 1197 in Savoie, France; died between 24 Jun and 13 Jul 1253.
    2. 7. Beatrice Of SAVOY was born in 1198 in Chambbery, Savoie, France; died in Dec 1266 in France.
    3. Thomas II Of PIEDMONT was born about 1199; died on 7 Feb 1259.
    4. Philip I Count Of Palatine Of BURGUNDY was born in 1207; died on 16 Aug 1285 in Roussillon.