Ferdinand DE LA CERDA, IX

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: 25 Jul 1275

Ferdinand married Blanche Princess Of FRANCE in 1269. Blanche (daughter of Louis IX and Margaret Of PROVENCE) was born in 1253 in Jaffa, Palestine; died between 13 Nov 1269 and 1320 in Paris, Isle De France, France; was buried in Couvent Des Cordeliers, Paris, Isle De France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Ferdinand DE LA CERDA

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Alfonso X Of Castile
• Birth: 23 Nov 1221
• Residence: Between 1252 and 1284, King of Castile and Leon
• Residence: 1257, King of the Romans
• Death: 04 Apr 1284

Notes:

Alfonso was King of Castile and Leon 1252-1284, King of the Romans 1257.Alfonso X (November 23, 1221, Toledo, Spain ? April 4, 1284, Seville, Spain) was a Spanish monarch who ruled as the King of Galicia, Castile and LeÛn from 1252 until his death. He was elected Rex Romanorum in 1254. His nicknames were "el Sabio" ("the Wise", more accurately translated "the Learned") and "el AstrÛlogo" ("the Astronomer").

Alfonso was the eldest son of Ferdinand III of Castile and Beatriz of Swabia. His maternal grandparents were Philip of Swabia and Irene Angelina.
As a writer and intellectual he gained considerable scientific fame based on his encouragement of astronomy and the Ptolemaic cosmology as known to him through the Arabs. (Because of this, the Alphonsus crater on the Moon is named after him). His fame extends to the preparation of the Alfonsine tables,based on calculations of al-Zarqali Alzarquel. One famous quote attributed to him was supposedly said upon hearing an explanation of Ptolemy's theory of astronomy and being shown the extremely complicated mathematics required to "prove" it - "If the Lord Almighty had consulted me before embarking on creation thus, I should have recommended something simpler." The validity of this quotation is questioned by some historians.[1]
Alfonso established in Seville, Spain a translation school that did a great work increasing the flow of knowledge into Christian Europe as well as continuing support of the school of translators in Toledo (already founded 1127-1152 by Archbishop Raimondo of Toledo). Much of it was based on Ancient philosophy.
As a ruler, Alfonso showed legislative capacity, and a wish to provide his kingdoms with a code of laws and a consistent judicial system. The Fuero Real was undoubtedly his work. He began the code called the Siete Partidas, which, however, was only promulgated by his great-grandson. Because of this, he is one of the 23 lawmakers depicted in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives.
Alfonso was the first king who initiated the use of the Castilian language extensively, although his father, Fernando III had begun to use it for some documents, instead of Latin, as the language used in courts, churches, and in books and official documents.
Alfonso lacked the singleness of purpose required by a ruler who would devote himself to organization, and also the combination of firmness with temper needed for dealing with his nobles.
Alfonso's descent from the Hohenstaufen through his mother, a daughter of the emperor Philip of Swabia, gave him a claim to represent the Swabian line. Alfonso's election by the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Conrad IV of Germany in 1254 misled him into wild schemes that involved excessive expense but never took effect. To obtain money, he debased the coinage and then endeavoured to prevent a rise in prices by an arbitrary tariff. The little trade of his dominions was ruined, and the burghers and peasants were deeply offended. His nobles, whom he tried to cow by sporadic acts of violence, rebelled against him.
Alfonso's eldest son, Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile, died in 1275, leaving two infant sons. Alfonso's second son, Sancho, claimed to be the new heir, in preference to the children of Ferdinand de la Cerda, basing his claim on an old Castilian custom, that of proximity of blood and agnatic seniority. Alfonso preferred to leave the throne to his grandsons, but Sancho had the support of the nobility. A bitter civil war broke out resulting in 1282 Alfonso's being forced to accept Sancho as his heir instead of his young grandsons.Son and nobles alike supported the Moors when he tried to unite the nation in a crusade; and when he allied himself with Abu Yusuf Yakub, the ruling Marinid Sultan of Morocco, they denounced him as an enemy of the faith. A reaction in his favor was beginning in his later days, but he died defeated and deserted at Seville, leaving a will, by which he endeavored to exclude Sancho, and a heritage of civil war.
Alfonso X commissioned or co-authored numerous works during his reign. One was the Cantigas de Santa Maria ("Songs to the Virgin Mary"), which is comprised of 420 poems, mostly on miracles attributed to the Virgin Mary written in Galician-Portuguese. One of the miracles he relates is his own healing in Puerto de Santa MarÌa. Other works related to Alfonso include Cantigas d'escarnio e maldicer and the Libro de los juegos ("Book of Games").

Alfonso married Yolanda Princess Of ARAGON in 1249. Yolanda (daughter of James I and Yolande Of HUNGARY) was born about 1236 in Saragoza, Aragbon; died in 1300 in Roncesvalles, Navarra. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Violante Of Aragon
• Death: 1300

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: Between Jul and Aug 1201, Castile, Spain
• Lineage: King of Castile and Leon
• Birth: 1191
• Fact: Between 1217 and 1252, King of Castile, Toledo and Extremadura
• Fact: Between 1217 and 1252, King of Castile
• Fact: Between 1230 and 1252, King of Leon
• Fact: Between 1236 and 1252, King of Leon, Galicia and Cordoba
• Fact: 1671, Canonized by Pope Clement X

Notes:

Ferdinand was King of Castile 1217-1252, King of Leon 1230-1252, canonized 1671.[Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

[ingram1.FTW]

royal line through children of first marriage

Ferdinand married Elizabeth Of SWABIA on 27 Nov 1219 in Taragona in Spain. Elizabeth (daughter of Phillipp II King Of GERMANY and Princess of the East Irene ANGELICA) was born about 1202 in Augsburg, Schwaben, Bavaria; died on 30 Nov 1235 in Toro, Zamora, Spain; was buried in Sevilla, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: "the Conqueror"
• Fact: King of Aragon
• Name: James I The Conqueror

James married Yolande Of HUNGARY on 08 Sep 1235 in Barcelona, Spain. Yolande (daughter of Andrew II and Yolande DE COURTENAY) was born between 1213 and 1216 in Hungary; died on 12 Oct 1251 in Huesca, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: 1255, Huesca, Spain