John Of GAUNT

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: John Plantagenet
• Fact: Knight of the Garter
• Fact: Prince of England
• Fact: 2nd Duke of Lancaster
• Fact: 5th Earl of Lancaster, Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester
• Fact: 20 Sep 1342, Earl of Richmond
• Fact: 13 Nov 1362, Duke Of Lancaster
• Fact: Sep 1371, Titular King of Castile and Leon
• Fact: 2 Mar 1390, Duke of Aquitaine

Notes:

[Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

[ingram1.FTW]

http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01236
Earl of Richmond. Some say born Jun 1340, but see CP vol.XIV,p.421.Earl of Derby, Lincoln. Duke of Aquitaine. Lord of Beaufort & Nogent.Burke says he died at Ely House, Holborn King of Castile & Leon. Lord of Bergerac & Roche-sur-Yon. The Complete Peerage vol.VII,pp.410-416 & vol.XIV,p.421.

John of Lancaster (f Gaunt), Duke of Lancaster, fourth son, was married for the third time at Lincoln Cathedral on 13 Jan. 1395/6 to Katherine De Roet, widow of Hugh Swynford, Knt., of Coleby and Ketelthorpe, co., Lincoln. (died 1372), and younger daughter and co-heiress of Pain de Roet, Knt., Guienne King of Arms, a Hainaulter, and one of the knights of Queen Philippe's household. She was born probably in Hainault, about 1350 and had formerly been the governess to his daughters, and then his mistress, and by her he had children, born before marriage. The marriage was ratified and confirmed during the Great Schism by the Roman pope, Boniface IX. Their three sons were legitimised, with the assent of parliament, on 9 Feb. 1396/7, the patent confirmed by King Henry IV of 10 Feb. 1406/7, but with a saving clause barring them from succession to the throne. Their children were given the name Beaufort from their father's (lost) castle in Champagne which had devolved on him through his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, a descendant of Blanche d'Artois who had purchased the lordship of Beaufort in 1270.

Name:
He was created Earl of Richmond on 20 Sep 1342. He was created Duke of Lancaster on 13 Nov 1362 in consequence of the marriage, and was ancestor of the Lancastrian Kings of England. In her right (Constance De Castille) John assumed in September 1371 the title of King of Castille and Leon. From 1376 until his death his diplomatic and military services in France and Guienne, and in Scotland, and his Spanish expedition (1386-88) formed interludes in the factious life of politics in which, as eldest uncle of King Richard II and his chief subject, he was involved. He was created Duke of Aquitaine on 2 Mar 1390.

John married Blanche Of LANCASTER on 19 May 1359 in Queen's Chapel, Reading. Blanche (daughter of Henry "The Wryneck" Of GROSMENT and Isabel DE BEAUMONT) was born on 25 Mar 1345; died on 12 Sep 1368 in Bolingbroke Castle; was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Constance Of CASTILE in Sep 1371 in Roquefort, Guienne, or St. Andrew. Constance (daughter of Peter IPedro I The Cruel Of CASTILE and Maria DE PADILLA) was born in 1354 in Castro Kerez; died on 24 Mar 1394. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Katherine DE ROET on 13 Jan 1395/6. Katherine (daughter of Payn DE ROET and ? UNKNOWN) was born in 1350 in Picardy, Somme, France; died on 10 May 1403 in Lincoln, England; was buried in Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Philippa married John I King Of PORTUGAL between 02 and 11 Feb 1387 in Oporto. John (son of Peter I King Of PORTUGAL and ? UNKNOWN) was born on 11 Apr 1358; died on 14 Aug 1433 in Lisbon; was buried in Batalha. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married John HASTINGS on 24 Jun 1380. John (son of John HASTINGS and Anne DE MANNY) was born on 11 Nov 1372; died between 30 and 31 Dec 1389 in killed while tilting at Woodstock; was buried between Mar 1391 and 1392 in Church of the Friars Minors (Grey Friars), London. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Sir John DE HOLAND, K.G. about 24 Jun 1386. John (son of Sir Thomas DE HOLAND, K.G. and Joan The Fair Maid Of KENT) was born after 1350; died between 09 and 10 Jan 1399 in Pleshy Castle; was buried in College Church of Pleshey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married John CORNWALL before 12 Dec 1400. John was born in "At sea in St. Michael's Mount Bay, Cornwall"; died on 11 Dec 1443 in Ampthill; was buried in Chapel in the Cemetery of the Black Friars by Ludgate. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 2nd Duke of Lancaster
• Fact: 1st Duke of Hereford
• Fact: Duke of Lancaster, Duke of Hereford, Earl of Derby, Earl of Lincoln, and Earl of Leicester; Also, Duke of Aquitaine in France
• Name: Henry IV Of Bolingbroke
• Fact 1: 30 Sep 1399, Elected King of England as HENRY IV

Notes:

Name:
Henry IV of England (of Bolingbroke), K.G., Earl of Hereford and Northampton 'jure uxoris', only surviving son and heir, was born at Bolingbroke Castle, co. Lincoln, in April 1366. He was married for the first time at Arundel Castle between 30 July 1380 and 10 Feb 1381 to Mary De Bohun, younger daughter and co-heiress of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th and last Earl of Hereford, 6th Earl of Essex and 2nd Earl of Northampton, by Joan Fitz Alan, daughter of Richard Fitz Alan, 9th Earl of Arundel. She was born about 1370 and was aged eleven at time of marriage. She died at Peterborough Castle aged twenty-four after the birth of her youngest child on 4 July 1394, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral. From 1394 he devoted himself to work in Parliament and Council. He was created Duke of Hereford on 29 Sep 1397. Very soon afterwards began a quarrel with Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, which was ended by the banishment of both Dukes in September 1398. On his father's death in February 1399, Henry succeeded him as Duke of Lancaster, Earl of Lincoln and Leicester, and deposed his cousin King Richard II. He was declared King of England by Parliament on 30 Sep 1399, as Henry IV, and was crowned King of England on 13 Oct. 1399.

Henry's seizure of the throne from Richard II was never questioned by Parliament, and indeed many people welcomed the accession of this strong and able ruler. However, throughout his reign, Henry was troubled by revolts against him by those who had once been his most loyal supporters.

Worn down by conflict and financial problems, Henry IV died a shadow of his former, vigorous self.

Henry married Mary DE BOHUN between 30 Jul 1380 and 10 Feb 1381 in Arundel Castle. Mary (daughter of Humphrey IX DE BOHUN, K.G. and Joan FITZ ALAN) was born about 1366 in Hereford, England; died on 04 Jul 1394 in Peterborough Castle, Peterborough, Northamptonshire, England; was buried on 06 Jul 1394 in Leicester. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Joanna Of NAVARRE on 7 Feb 1403 in Winchester. Joanna (daughter of Charles II King Of NAVARRE and Joan Of FRANCE) was born in 1370; died on 9 Jul 1437 in Havering-atte-Bower, Essex; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Katherine of Lancaster (also known as Catherine Plantagenet and as Queen Catalina of Castile and Leon) (1372/1373 ? 2 June 1418) was the daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and his second wife, Constance of Castile.

She married Enrique III of Castile in 1393 at Burgos. As her mother was daughter of Pedro of Castile, the marriage helped to restore a semblance of legitimacy to the Trastamara line.

The couple had three children:

Maria of Castile (1401-1458), who married Alfonso V "the Magnanimous", King of Aragon and Naples,
Catharina of Castile, who wed Enrique of AragÛn, Duque de Villena,
Juan II (1405-1454), who succeeded his father as King of Castile . His mother Katherine and his uncle, Ferdinand, served as co-regents during his minority, and Katherine alone was regent after Ferdinand's death in 1416.
Queen Catalina died at Valladolid of a stroke, possibly precipitated by her great obesity, leaving her thirteen year-old son at the mercy of self-interested courtiers.

Katherine married Henry III The Infirm Of CASTILE between 1388 and 1393. Henry (son of Juan I King Of CASTILE and Eleonor Of ARAGON) was born on 04 Oct 1379 in Burgos; died between 25 and 26 Dec 1406 in Toledo; was buried in Toledo. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Fairborn
• Fact: 1st Earl of Somerset; lst Marquess of Dorset

Notes:

Name:
He was created Earl of Somerset on 10 Feb 1396/7, and Marquess of Dorset on 29 Sep 1397. He was summoned to Parliament on 17 Sep 1397.

John married Margaret DE HOLAND before 28 Sep 1397. Margaret (daughter of Sir Thomas DE HOLAND, K.G. and Alice FITZ ALAN) died on 30 Dec 1439 in London; was buried in Chapel of St. Michael in Canterbury Cathedral. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Dean of Wells
• Fact: Bishop of Lincoln
• Fact: Chancellor
• Fact: Bishop of Winchester
• Fact: 2nd Earl of Somerset
• Fact: Chancellor of Oxford University
• Fact: Chancellor of England
• Fact: Bishop of Winchester
• Fact: Cardinal
• Fact 1: In his youth had an affair with Lady Alice Fitz Alan

Notes:

Name:
Henry Beaufort, born about 1375, ordained priest, bishop of Lincoln, 19 July 1398, Lord Chancellor of England, Cardinal Bishop of Winchester 14 Mar 1405, Cardinal-Priest of the titular church of San Eusebio, 24 May 1426, Papal legate in England, died testate at Winchester 11 Apr 1447, buried at Winchester Cathedral (will dated 20 Jan. 1446/7). His will names his daughter and her husband. The mother of his daughter was said to have been Alice fitz Alan, wife of John Cherleton, 4th Lord Cherleton of Powis (died 19 Oct 1401) D.N.B 2:41-48 ("Beaufort was ambitious, haughty, and impetuous...seems to have clung unduly to his office as trustee of the family estates of the House of Lancaster, which must have given him command of a considerable sum of money...His speeches in parliament are marked by a constitutional desire to uphold the crown by the advice and support of the estates of the realm...Family relationships gave him a place in Europe such as was held by no other statesman, and made him the fittest representative of his country abroad"). TAG 32:10-11 (Jan. 1956) ("participated (shamefully) in the trial of St. Jeanne d'Arc at Rouen, 24 May 1431")

Family/Spouse: Lady Alice FITZ ALAN. Alice (daughter of Richard FITZ ALAN and Elizabeth DE BOHUN) was born in 1373/5 in Arundel, Essex, England; died in Oct 1415. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Earl of Dorset
• Fact: Chancellor of England
• Fact: Duke of Exeter

Thomas married Margaret NEVILLE before 15 Feb 1404. Margaret was born about 1385. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Joan De Beaufort

Joan married Robert DE FERRERS, Knt. before Sep 1394. Robert (son of Robert DE FERRERS and Elizabeth LE BOTILLER) was born in 1373; died before 29 Nov 1396. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Ralph DE NEVILLE, K.G. before Feb 1397. Ralph (son of Lord John DE NEVILLE, K.G. and Maud DE PERCY) was born before 1364; died on 21 Oct 1425 in Raby Castle. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Grand Master of the Order of St. James
• Residence: Constable of Portugal

Notes:

John of Portugal (Portuguese: Jo„o, pron. IPA [?u'?~u]) (SantarÈm, January 13, 1400 ? October 18, 1442, Alc·cer do Sal) was a Prince of Portugal of the House of Aviz, son of King John I of Portugal and his wife Philippa of Lancaster. He was General of the Kingdom, after the death of Nuno ¡lvares Pereira. He was also Lord of Reguengos, Colares and Belas. In 1424, John married his niece Isabella of Braganza, daughter of his half-brother Afonso, Duke of Braganza.

During the reign of his brother Edward, John joined his brother Pedro, Duke of Coimbra against the expedition to Tangier that would end in a disaster. After the disaster he defended that the recently conquered Ceuta should be offered in exchange for his brother Ferdinand, the Saint Prince, that was captive in Tangier, something that was against Ferdinand's wishes.

In the beginning of his nephew Afonso V's reign, the regency of the kingdom was delegated on Queen Mother Leonor of Aragon (his sister-in-law). This decision in the will of late King Edward was controversial and soon popular discontent grew. It was John who installed himself in the capital Lisbon and avoided a rebellion. After that he refused the proposals for an alliance with Leonor of Aragon and his half-brother Afonso, Duke of Braganza, and defended the summoning of the Cortes to name Pedro, Duke of Coimbra the new regent.

Family/Spouse: Isabel Of PORTUGAL. Isabel died in 1445. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Grand Master of Avis

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Edward I Of Portugal
• Residence: Between 1433 and 1438, King of Portugal

Notes:

Wikipedia Encyclopedia:
Duarte I, King of Portugal KG (Viseu, October 31, 1391 - Tomar, September 13, 1438) (pron. IPA [du'a?t(?)]; Edward, in English), the Philosopher or the Eloquent, the 11th king of Portugal and Algarve and second Lord of Ceuta. He was the son of King Jo„o I of Portugal (John I of Portugal) and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, a daughter of John of Gaunt.

As a prince, Edward (Duarte) always followed his father, King Jo„o I, in the affairs of the kingdom. He was knighted in 1415, after the Portuguese captured the city of Ceuta in North Africa, across from Gibraltar. He became king in 1433 when his father died of the plague and he soon showed interest in internal consensus. During his short reign of five years, Duarte called the Cortes (the national assembly) no less than five times to discuss internal affairs and politics. He also followed the politics of his father concerning the maritime exploration of Africa. He encouraged and financed his famous brother, Prince Henry the Navigator who founded a school of maritime navigation at Sagres and who initiated many expeditions. Among these, that of Gil Eanes in 1434 first rounded Cape Bojador on the NW coast of Africa, leading the way for further exploration southward along the African coast.

The colony at Ceuta rapidly became a drain on the Portuguese treasury and it was realised that without the city of Tangier, possession of Ceuta was worthless. When Ceuta was lost to the Portuguese, the camel caravans that were part of the overland trade routes began to use Tangier as their destination. This deprived Ceuta of the materials and goods that made it an attractive market and a vibrant trading locale, and it became an isolated community.

In 1437, his brothers, Henry (Henrique) and Fernando, persuaded Duarte to launch an attack on Morocco in order to get a better African base for future Atlantic exploration. The expedition was not unanimously supported: Pedro, Duke of Coimbra and John, duke of Aveiro were both against the initiative; they preferred to avoid conflict with the king of Morocco. They proved to be right. The resulting attack on Tangier was successful, but at a great cost of men. Duarte's youngest brother, Fernando, was captured, kept as a hostage, and he died later in captivity in Fez. Duarte died soon after the Tangier attack of the plague, like his father and mother (and her mother) before him.

Another less political side of Duarte's personality is related to culture. A reflective and scholarly prince, he wrote the treatises O Leal Conselheiro (The Loyal Counsellor) and Livro Da Ensinanca De Bem Cavalgar Toda Sela (The Art of Riding on Every Saddle) as well as several poems. He was in the process of revising the Portuguese law code when he died.

Duarte married Queen of Portugal Leonor Of ARAGON on 22 Sep 1428. Leonor (daughter of Ferdinand I The Just King Of ARAGON and Eleanor Of ALBUQUERQUE) was born in 1402; died on 19 Feb 1445 in Toledo. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Joana Manuel DE VILHENA. Joana was born about 1395. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married Philip III The Good Duke Of BURGUNDY between 10 Jan 1429 and 1430. Philip (son of John The Fearless Duke Of BURGUNDY and Margaret Of BAVARIA) was born in 1396; died on 15 Jun 1467. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Pedro married Isabel Of URGEL in 1428. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Grand Master of the Order of Christ
• Residence: Duke of Vizen

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Constance Holand

Constance married Thomas DE MOWBRAY before 01 Jun 1402. Thomas (son of Sir Thomas DE MOWBRAY, Knt. and Elizabeth FITZ ALAN) was born on 17 Sep 1385; died on 08 Jun 1405 in Executed without trial. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Constance married Sir John GREY, K.G. before 24 Feb 1412/3. John (son of Sir Reynold GREY and Margaret DE ROS) died on 27 Aug 1439. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Earl of Huntingdon
• Fact: Believed to of introduced the rack into the Tower of London
• Fact: Duke of Exeter
• Fact: Constable of the Tower

John married Anne STAFFORD before 1427. Anne (daughter of Edmund DE STAFFORD and Anne Of GLOUCESTER) was born in Stafford, England; died between 20 and 24 Sep 1432; was buried in Church of St. Katherine by the Tower. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Beatrice Of PORTUGAL. Beatrice died on 23 Oct 1439 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France; was buried in Arundel. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Anne DE MONTAGU. Anne (daughter of John DE MONTAGU and Maud FRANCIS) was born in Salisbury, England; died on 28 Nov 1457; was buried in Church of St. Katherine by the Tower. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Richard DE VERE. Richard (son of Aubrey DE VERE and Alice FITZ WALTER) was born about 1385; died between 15 Feb 1416 and 1417; was buried in Earls Colne. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John D'ARUNDEL. John (son of John D'ARUNDEL and Eleanor BERKELEY) was born on 14 Feb 1407/8; died on 12 Jun 1435 in Beauvais; was buried in Grey Friars, Beauvais. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
He was created Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester on 15 Oct 1399, Duke of Aquitaine on 23 Oct 1399, and Duke of Lancaster on 10 Nov 1399. He succeeded his father on 21 Mar 1412/3, and was crowned King of England on 9 Apr 1413. by his French conquests leading to the Treaty of Troyes on 21 May 1420 he assumed the title of Heir and Regent of the realm of France. Henry V of England, King of England, died at Bois de Vincennes on 31 Aug 1422, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. His widow is said to have been married for the second time (though no evidence of the marriage has been discovered) to Owen Tudor (beheaded by the Yorkists after the Battle Mortimer's Crown at Hereford on 4 Feb 1461.)

The Lancastrian period was marked by almost continual warfare. Baronial revolt and war with Welsh patriots broke out in the first decade, and dynastic war during the last, with prolonged warfare in France occupying most of the intervening four decades, when King Henry V opened the final phase of the 100 Years' War. He recovered many English possessions, but they were all lost during the reign of his son, Henry VI. the loss of the French possessions, together with the weak government of Henry VI, led to the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses, a campaign led by the supporters of Richard, Duke of York and Protector of England, during the illness of his cousin, Henry VI, to place Richard on the throne instead of Henry.

Soon after succeeding his father, Henry V revived the 100 Years' War with France. In 1415, Henry defeated the French army at Agincourt, and by 1420 he had forced the French King, Charles VI, to accept him as heir. This pact was sealed by Henry's marriage to Charles's daughter, Catherine.

Henry married Catherine Of FRANCE on 02 Jun 1420 in Church of St. John, Troyes, Trinity Sunday. Catherine (daughter of Charles VI King Of FRANCE and Isabeau Of BAVARIA) was born on 27 Oct 1401; died on 3 Jan 1437. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
Thomas of Lancaster, created Duke of Clarence, Earl of Albemarle 9 July 1412, slain at the Battle of Beauge 22 Mar 1421, buried at Canterbury.

Thomas married Margaret DE HOLAND in 1412. Margaret (daughter of Sir Thomas DE HOLAND, K.G. and Alice FITZ ALAN) died on 30 Dec 1439 in London; was buried in Chapel of St. Michael in Canterbury Cathedral. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
John of Lancaster, created Earl of Kendal, Duke of Bedford 16 May 1414, Regent of France September 1422, died at Rouen in the night of 14-15 Sep 1435, buried there.

John married Anne Of BURGUNDY on 17 Apr 1432 in Church of St. John, Troyes. Anne (daughter of John The Fearless Duke Of BURGUNDY and Margaret Of BAVARIA) died on 14 Nov 1432. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Jacquetta Of LUXEMBOURG on 22 Apr 1433 in Therouenne. Jacquetta (daughter of Pierre Of LUXEMBOURG and Marguerite DE BAUX) was born in 1415; died on 30 May 1472. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Duke of Gloucester
• Fact: 1420/21, Regent of England
• Fact: 1422, 1427, 1429, Protector of England

Notes:

Name:
Humphrey of Gloucester 'the good', fourth and youngest son, was born on 3 Oct. 1390 while his father was in Prussia, Knighted 12 Oct 1399, nom, K.G. about 1400 said to have been educated at Balliol College, Oxford, to which university he was a generous benefactor, presented many books to the University from about 1411, which formed the nucleus of the Bodleian Library, created Earl of Pembroke and Duke of Gloucester 16 May 1414, summoned to Parliament from 16 Sep 1414, received command of siege of Harfleur, wounded at Agincourt on 25 Oct 1415, and took a very active part in the King's second expedition to France, Protector of the Realm and Church of England, 5 Dec 1423. His first marriage had disastrous effects on the relations between England and her chief ally in the field, the Duke of Burgundy, went to Hainault with his wife Jacqueline in October 1424 in an attempt to recover her lordships, soon discouraged, leaving her at Mons, returning to England in 1425 with Eleanor Cobham; after Eleanor's conviction of witchcraft and sorcery and indictment for treason as aiming at the King's life (she confessed to having used charms to obtain he husband's love), he gradually withdrew from politics and state affairs; died intestate, probably of natural causes, on 23 Feb 1447, but under suspicious circumstances, being under arrest at the time at Bury St. Edmunds, buried St.Albans Abbey; married, first, before 7 Mar 1422/3 Jacqueline De Hainalt, died at Teilingen 8 Oct 1426, widow, first, John, Dauphin of France, second, John, Duke of Brabant (from whom she fled because of neglect and insult in 1421 to England, and procured a divorce from the Anti-Pope Benedict XIII), daughter and heiress of William VI, Count of Holland (marriage to Humphrey declared void 9 June 1428, and she married, fourth, Floris Borselen, Count of Ostrevant): Humphrey married, second, 1428, Eleanor Cobham, daughter of Reginald Cobham, Knt., of sterborough, Surrey, by his first wife, Eleanor, daughter of Thomas Culpeper, Knt. She was condemned and put to public penance in London, sentenced to perpetual imprisonment, October 1441, died a prisoner at Peel Castle, Isle of Man in 1454.

Humphrey married Jacqueline Of BAVARIA before 7 Mar 1422/3, and was divorced in 1426. Jacqueline (daughter of William VI Duke Of BAVARIA and Margaret Countess Of HAINAULT) died in 1436. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Humphrey married Eleanor COBHAM between 1428 and 1431, and was divorced in 1441. Eleanor died in 1454. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Blanche married Louis LUDWIG II, III Barbatus on 06 Jul 1402. Louis died between 20 Dec 1436 and 1439. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Eric VII Of POMERANIA. Eric died in 1459. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

CatalinaCatharin married Duke of Alburquerque EnriqueHenry Of ARAGON in 1420. EnriqueHenry (son of Ferdinand I The Just King Of ARAGON and Eleanor Of ALBUQUERQUE) was born in 1400; died in 1445. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Between 1406 and 1454, King of Castile and Leon

Notes:

Juan II (March 6, 1405 ? July 20, 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454.

He was the son of Henry III of Castile and his wife Katherine of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt by Constance of Castile, daughter of King Pedro of Castile (aka. Pedro the Cruel). He was also great-grandson of King Edward III of England through the maternal line.

He succeeded his father on December 25, 1406, at the age of a year and ten months, and united in his person the claims of Pedro the Cruel and of Henry of Trastamara. It was one of the many misfortunes of Castile that the long reign of John II?forty-nine years?should have been granted to one of the least capable of her kings. Juan was amiable, weak, and dependent on those about him. He had no taste except for ornament and no serious interest except in amusements such as verse-making, hunting, and tournaments.

He was entirely under the influence of his favourite, Alvaro de Luna, until his second wife, Queen Isabella of Portugal, obtained control of his feeble will. At her instigation, he dismissed his faithful and able favorite, an act which is said to have caused him much remorse. He died on July 20, 1454, at Valladolid. By his second marriage he was the father of Isabella "the Catholic."

Family/Spouse: Maria Of ARAGON. Maria (daughter of Ferdinand I The Just King Of ARAGON and Eleanor Of ALBUQUERQUE) was born in 1396; died in Feb 1445 in Villacastin. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

JuanIIJohn married Isabel Of PORTUGAL in Aug 1447 in Madrigal. Isabel (daughter of John Of PORTUGAL and Isabel Of PORTUGAL) was born in 1430; died on 15 Aug 1496 in Averalo; was buried in Miraflores, near Burgos. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Maria Of Leon

Family/Spouse: Alfonso V King Of ARAGON. Alfonso (son of Ferdinand I The Just King Of ARAGON and Eleanor Of ALBUQUERQUE) was born in 1396; died on 27 Jun 1458. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Queen of Scots

Joan-Jane married James I King of SCOTLAND between 02 and 13 Feb 1424 in St. Mary, Overy Southwark, Surrey, England. James (son of Robert III and Annabella DRUMMOND) was born between 01 Aug and Dec 1394 in Dunfermline; died on 21 Feb 1437 in (Murdered) Perth, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Carthusian Church, Perth. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan-Jane married James STEWART, Knt. in 1438 in St. Andrews, Fifeshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Cardinal
• Fact: 2nd Earl of Somerset

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 1st Duke of Somerset; Earl of Kendal and Earl of Somerset

Notes:

Name:
Created 'Duke of Somerset', 28 Aug 1443, Captain-General in Aquitaine and Normandy, returned to England disgraced after failure of French campaign, and died soon after testate on 27 May 1444, buried Wimborne Minster.

John married Margaret BEAUCHAMP in or about 1442. Margaret (daughter of John DE BEAUCHAMP and Edith STOURTON) died before 3 Jun 1482. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: styled Earl of Perche

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Count of Mortain
• Fact: 4th Earl of Somerset
• Fact: 28 Aug 1441, Earl of Dorset
• Fact: 31 Mar 1448, 2nd Duke of Somerset
• Military Service: 1431-1453, Held military command in the French wars

Edmund married Alianor DE BEAUCHAMP in 1436. Alianor (daughter of Richard DE BEAUCHAMP and Elizabeth DE BERKELEY) was born in Sep 1407 in Edgenoch, Warwick, England; died on 06 Mar 14667 in Baynard's Castle, London. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Thomas COURTENAY after 1421. Thomas (son of Hugh DE COURTENAY and ? UNKNOWN) was born in 1414 in Okehampton, Devonshire, England; died on 03 Feb 1457 in Abingdon Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Edward STRADLING. Edward was born about 1389; died in 1453. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Lady of Wem

Elizabeth married John DE GREYSTOKE about 28 Oct 1407. John (son of Ralph DE GREYSTOKE and Katherine CLIFFORD) was born before 1389; died on 08 Aug 1436. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Lay of Oversley

Family/Spouse: Sir Ralph NEVILLE, Knt.. Ralph (son of Ralph DE NEVILLE, K.G. and Margaret DE STAFFORD) was born in of Oversley, Co. Warwick; died on 26 Feb 1457/8. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: 4th Earl of Salisbury

Notes:

Name:
He was Warden of the Wes march of Scotland, and Constable of Pontefract Castle. "Richard Nevil, earl of Salisbury" was killed testate at the battle of Wakefield on 30 Dec 1460 (or was captured after the battle and beheaded after at Pontefract), and was buried at Bisham.

Richard married Alice MONTAGU before Feb 1420/1. Alice (daughter of Thomas MONTAGU, K.G. and Alianor II DE HOLAND) was born about 1408; died between 03 Apr and 09 Dec 1462. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alianor married Richard LE DESPENSER after 23 May 1412. Richard (son of Thomas LE DESPENSER and Constance PLANTAGENET) was born on 30 Nov 1396; died on 07 Oct 1414 in Merton, Surrey; was buried in Tewkesbury Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alianor married Sir Henry DE PERCY after Oct 1414. Henry (son of Sir Henry 'hotspur ' PERCY, Knt. and Elizabeth MORTIMER) was born on 03 Feb 1392 in England; died on 22 May 1455 in Slain at St Albans, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Alice SEYMOUR. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Bishop of Durham and Salisbury

Notes:

Name:
William Neville, Knt., K.G., of Alnwick, Northumberland, sixth son, summoned to Parliament from 3 Aug 1429 by wirts directed 'Willelmo de Nevill' chivaler, later directed the battles of Northampton and Towton, created Earl of Kent 1 Nov. 1461.

William married Joan FAUCONBERGE before 28 Apr 1422. Joan (daughter of Thomas FAUCONBERGE and Joan BROUNFLETE) was born on 18 Oct 1406 in Skelton; died on 11 Dec 1490. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Humphrey STAFFORD before 18 Oct 1424. Humphrey (son of Edmund DE STAFFORD and Anne Of GLOUCESTER) was born on 15 Aug 1402; died on 10 Jul 1460 in Killed - Battle of Northampton; was buried in Church of the Grey Friears at Northampton. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Walter BLOUNT before 25 Nov 1467. Walter was born about 1420; died on 01 Aug 1474; was buried in Chapel of the Apostles in the Church of the Grey Friars, London. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
George Neville, Knt., younger son of Ralph Nevill, 1st Earl of Westmorland, by Joan Beauford, legitmised daughter of John of Lancater, Duke of Lancaster. he was summoned to parliament from 25 Feb. 1431/2 by writs directed 'Georgio Latymer chivaler', whereby he is held to have become Lord Latimer. He became a lunatic before 11 June 1451, when custody of his lands was given to his brother, Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, but apparently had lucid intervals.

George married Elizabeth DE BEAUCHAMP before Feb 1436 in Warwick Castle, Warwick, England. Elizabeth (daughter of Richard DE BEAUCHAMP and Elizabeth DE BERKELEY) was born on 16 Sep 1417 in Warwick, England; died before 02 Oct 1480 in Chapel Beauchamp, St. Marys, Warwickshire, England; was buried in Beauchamp Chapel, Warwick, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Cecily married Richard PLANTAGENET between 1437 and 1438. Richard (son of Richard 'of Conisburgh' Of YORK and Anne DE MORTIMER) was born on 21 Sep 1411; died on 30 Dec 1460 in Battle of Wakefield; was buried in Pontefract. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 1st Baron of Bergavenny, Lord Abergavenny

Notes:

Name:
Edward Neville, Knt., Lord Bergavenny, died 18 Oct 1476, widower of Elizabeth Beauchamp and eleventh and youngest son of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, being ninth son b his second wife, Joan Beaufort, Dowager Lady Ferrers de Wemme, legitimised daughter of John of Lancaster. Duke of Lancast by Katherine (Roet) Swynford. He was summoned to Parliament as a Baron (Lord Bergavenny) from 5 Sep 1450, by writs directed 'Edwardo Nevil domino de Bergevenny militi'. Edward and Katherine had cohabited in the lifetime of his first wife, she being related to him in the third degree.

Edward married Elizabeth DE BEAUCHAMP before 18 Oct 1424. Elizabeth (daughter of Richard DE BEAUCHAMP and Isabel LE DESPENSER) was born on 16 Sep 1415 in Hanley Castle, Worchester, England; died on 18 Jun 1448; was buried in At the Carmelites, Coventry. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Katherine HOWARD on 15 Oct 1448 in With Special dispensation. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Catherine married John DE MOWBRAY, V on 12 Jan 1411/12. John (son of Sir Thomas DE MOWBRAY, Knt. and Elizabeth FITZ ALAN) was born in 1392; died on 19 Oct 1432 in Epworth; was buried in Priory at Epworth. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Catherine married Thomas STRANGEWAYS between 27 Jan 1441 and 1442. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Catherine married John BEAUMONT after 1442. John (son of Henry DE BEAUMONT and Elizabeth WILLOUGHBY) died on 10 Jul 1460 in Battle of Northampton. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Catherine married John WOODVILLE on Jan 1465. John (son of Richard WOODVILLE and Jacquetta Of LUXEMBOURG) was born about 1444; died on 12 Aug 1469 in Executed - Kenilworth. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Diogo of Portugal
• Residence: Constable of Portugal
• Residence: Grand Master of the Order of St. James

Other Events and Attributes:

• Birth: 1428

Isabel married JuanIIJohn II King Of Castile And LEON in Aug 1447 in Madrigal. JuanIIJohn (son of Henry III The Infirm Of CASTILE and Katherine Of LANCASTER) was born on 06 Mar 1405 in Toro; died on 22 Jul 1454 in Valladolid. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: A Nun

Beatrice married Ferdinand Duke Of VIZEU in 1447. Ferdinand (son of Edward of Portugal Duarte I King Of PORTUGAL and Queen of Portugal Leonor Of ARAGON) was born on 17 Nov 1433 in Almeirim; died on 18 Sep 1470. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: A Nun

Notes:

From Wikipedia:
She was promised to marry Charles IV of Navarre but he died and Catherine turned to a religious life in the convent of Saint Claire. She was a cultivated princess author of many books regarding morality and religion. She is buried in Lisbon at the Saint Eloi Church.

Ferdinand married Beatrice Of PORTUGAL in 1447. Beatrice (daughter of John Of PORTUGAL and Isabel Of PORTUGAL) was born in 1430; died in 1506. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Between 1438 and 1481, King of Portugal

Alfonso married Joan Of CASTILE on 30 May 1475. Joan (daughter of Henry IV King Of Castile And LEON and Joanna Of PORTUGAL) was born in 1462; died in 1530. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alfonso married Isabel Of COIMBRA on 06 May 1447. Isabel (daughter of Pedro Duke Of COIMBRA and Isabel Of URGEL) was born in 1432; died on 02 Dec 1455 in Evora; was buried in Batalha. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Leonor of Portugal

Eleonora married Frederick III Holy Roman EMPEROR on 08 Mar 1452 in Naples. Frederick (son of Ernest The Iron Duke Of AUSTRIA and Cymburgis Of MASOVIA) was born on 21 Sep 1415; died on 19 Aug 1493. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Joanna Posthuma

Notes:

Wikipedia Encyclopedia:

In 1455 she married Henry IV of Castile and six years later had a daughter named also Joan, called "La Beltraneja" because of rumours that she was in fact daughter of Don Beltran de la Cureva. Henry sent Joan to live in Coca at the castle of Henry's supporter, bishop Fonseca. She fell in love with Bishop Fonseca's nephew and was expecting his child. Enrique declared their marriage not and never legal. Joan wore scandalous dresses that were low cut and her behavior was also scandalous. She later went to the convent of San Fransico in Segovia. She died in Madrid on June 13, 1475.

Joanna married Henry IV King Of Castile And LEON on 21 May 1455 in Cordoba. Henry (son of JuanIIJohn II King Of Castile And LEON and Maria Of ARAGON) was born on 05 Jan 1425 in Valladolid; died on 11 Dec 1474 in Madrid, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Bishop of Guarda

Family/Spouse: Humbert Lord Of QUEILLE. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: A Nun

Family/Spouse: Adrian Lord Of MORNAY. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: There were no issues.
• Residence: Count of Charolais
• Residence: Duke of Burgundy

Notes:

Charles, called the Bold or the Rash (French: Charles le TÈmÈraire) (November 10, 1433 ? January 5, 1477) was Duke of Burgundy from 1467 to 1477. He was known as Charles the Terrible to his detractors.

He was born in Dijon, the son of Philip III, Duke of Burgundy and Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy. In his father's lifetime (1433-1467) he bore the title of Count of Charolais; afterwards, he assumed all of his father's titles, including that of "Grand Duke of the West". He was also created a Knight of the Golden Fleece but twenty days after his birth, being invested by Charles I, Count of Nevers and the seigneur de Croy.

He was brought up under the direction of the seigneur d'Auxy, and early showed great application to study and also to warlike exercises. He was on familiar terms with the Dauphin (afterwards Louis XI), when the latter was a refugee at the Court of Burgundy. But he viewed with chagrin the repurchase by the King of France of the towns on the Somme, which had been temporarily ceded to Philip the Good by the Treaty of Arras; and when his father's failing health enabled him to take into his hands the reins of government (which Philip abandoned to him completely by an act of April 12, 1465), he entered upon his lifelong struggle against Louis XI, and became one of the principal leaders of the League of the Public Weal.

[edit] Early battles
His bravery at the Battle of MontlhÈry (July 13, 1465), where he was wounded and was left master of the field, neither prevented the King from re-entering Paris nor assured Charles a decisive victory. He succeeded, however, in forcing upon Louis the Treaty of Conflans (October 1465), by which the King restored to him the towns on the Somme, and promised him the hand of his infant daughter Catherine, with Champagne as dowry.

In the meanwhile, the Count of Charolais obtained the surrender of Ponthieu. The revolt of LiËge and Dinant intervened to divert his attention from the affairs of France. On August 25, 1466, Charles took possession of Dinant, which he pillaged and sacked, and succeeded in treating at the same time with the Bishopric of LiËge. After the death of his father, Philip the Good (June 15, 1467), the Bishopric of LiËge renewed hostilities, but Charles defeated them at Sint-Truiden, and made a victorious entry into LiËge, which he dismantled and deprived of some of its privileges.

[edit] Treaty of PÈronne
Alarmed by these early successes of the Duke of Burgundy, and anxious to settle various questions relating to the execution of the treaty of Conflans, Louis requested a meeting with Charles and placed himself in his hands at PÈronne. In the course of the negotiations the Duke was informed of a fresh revolt of the Bishopric of LiËge secretly fomented by Louis. After deliberating for four days how to deal with his adversary, who had thus maladroitly placed himself at his mercy, Charles decided to respect the parole he had given and to treat with Louis (October 1468), at the same time forcing him to assist in quelling the revolt. The town was carried by assault and the inhabitants were massacred, Louis not having the courage to intervene on behalf of his ancient allies.

At the expiry of the one year's truce which followed the Treaty of PÈronne, the King accused Charles of treason, cited him to appear before the parlement, and seized some of the towns on the Somme (1471). The Duke retaliated by invading France with a large army, taking possession of Nesle and massacring its inhabitants. He failed, however, in an attack on Beauvais, and had to content himself with ravaging the country as far as Rouen, eventually retiring without having attained any useful result.

[edit] Domestic policies
Other matters, moreover, engaged his attention. Relinquishing, if not the stately magnificence, at least the gay and wasteful profusion which had characterized the court of Burgundy under his father, he had bent all his efforts towards the development of his military and political power. Since the beginning of his reign he had employed himself in reorganizing his army and the administration of his territories. While retaining the principles of feudal recruiting, he had endeavoured to establish a system of rigid discipline among his troops, which he had strengthened by taking into his pay foreign mercenaries, particularly Englishmen and Italians, and by developing his artillery.

[edit] Building a kingdom
Furthermore, he had lost no opportunity of extending his power. In 1469, the Archduke of Austria, Sigismund, had sold him the county of Ferrette, the Landgraviate of Alsace, and some other towns, reserving to himself the right to repurchase.

In 1472-1473, Charles bought the reversion of the Duchy of Guelders from its old Duke, Arnold, whom he had supported against the rebellion of his son. Not content with being "the Grand Duke of the West," he conceived the project of forming a kingdom of Burgundy or Aries with himself as independent sovereign, and even persuaded the Emperor Frederick to assent to crown him king at Trier. The ceremony, however, did not take place owing to the Emperor's precipitate flight by night (September 1473), occasioned by his displeasure at the Duke's attitude.

[edit] Downfall

Charles the Bold as imagined in a Victorian engraving.In the following year Charles involved himself in a series of difficulties and struggles which ultimately brought about his downfall. He embroiled himself successively with the Archduke Sigismund of Austria, to whom he refused to restore his possessions in Alsace for the stipulated sum; with the Swiss, who supported the free towns of Upper Rhine in their revolt against the tyranny of the ducal governor, Peter von Hagenbach (who was condemned by a special international tribunal and executed in May 1474); and finally, with RenÈ II, Duke of Lorraine, with whom he disputed the succession of Lorraine, the possession of which had united the two principal portions of Charles's territories? Flanders and the Low Countries and the Duchy and County of Burgundy. All these enemies, incited and supported as they were by Louis, were not long in joining forces against their common adversary.

Charles suffered a first rebuff in endeavouring to protect his kinsman, the Archbishop of Cologne, against his rebel subjects. He spent ten months (July 1474 ? June 1475) in besieging the little town of Neuss on the Rhine (the Siege of Neuss), but was compelled by the approach of a powerful imperial army to raise the siege. Moreover, the expedition he had persuaded his brother-in-law, Edward IV of England, to undertake against Louis was stopped by the Treaty of Picquigny (August 29, 1475). He was more successful in Lorraine, where he seized Nancy (November 30, 1475).

From Nancy he marched against the Swiss, hanging and drowning the garrison of Grandson, a possession of the Savoyard Jacques de Romont, a close ally of Charles, which the Confederates had invested shortly before, and in spite of their capitulation. Some days later, however, he was attacked before Grandson by the confederate army in the Battle of Grandson and suffered a shameful defeat, being compelled to fly with a handful of attendants, and leaving his artillery and an immense booty in the hands of the allies (March 1476).

He succeeded in raising a fresh army of 30,000 men, with which he attacked Morat, but he was again defeated by the Swiss army, assisted by the cavalry of RenÈ II, Duke of Lorraine (June 22, 1476). On this occasion, and unlike the debacle at Grandson, little booty was lost, but Charles certainly lost about one third of his entire army, the unfortunate losers being pushed into the nearby lake where they were drowned or shot at whilst trying to swim to safety on the opposite shore. On October 6 Charles lost Nancy, which RenÈ re-entered.

[edit] Death at Nancy

Depiction of finding his body after the Battle of Nancy.Making a last effort, Charles formed a new army and arrived in the depth of winter before the walls of Nancy. Having lost many of his troops through the severe cold, it was with only a few thousand men that he met the joint forces of the Lorrainers and the Swiss, who had come to the relief of the town, at the Battle of Nancy (January 5, 1477). He himself perished in the fight, his naked body being discovered some days afterwards, the face so mutilated by wild animals that only his physician was able to identify him by old scars on his body.

[edit] Legacy
Charles the Bold has often been regarded as the last representative of the feudal spirit?a man who possessed no other quality than a blind bravery.

Charles married Margaret 'Of York' PLANTAGENET on 03 Jul 1468 in Dame. Margaret (daughter of Richard PLANTAGENET and Cecily DE NEVILLE) was born on 03 May 1446 in Fotheinghay; died on 28 Nov 1503 in Malines; was buried in Church of the Cordeliers, Malines. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Catharine Of VALOIS in 1439. Catharine (daughter of Charles VII King Of FRANCE and Marie Of ANJOU) was born in 1428; died in 1446. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Charles married Isabella Of BOURBON in 1454. Isabella (daughter of Charles I Duke Of BOURBON and Agnes Of BURGUNDY) was born in 1436; died in 1465. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Provost of St. Audun

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Bishop of Lisbon
• Residence: 1456, Cardinal

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: A Nun

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Constable of Portugal

Family/Spouse: Adolph DE CLEVE. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Charlotta Of CYPRUS. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Excerpt from Blood Royal: List Isabel's death as December 2, 1455 and marriage as May 6, 1477 - could these be backwards?

Isabel married Alfonso V King Of PORTUGAL on 06 May 1447. Alfonso (son of Edward of Portugal Duarte I King Of PORTUGAL and Queen of Portugal Leonor Of ARAGON) was born on 15 Jan 1432 in Cintra; died between 24 and 28 Aug 1481 in Cintra; was buried in Batalha. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Lord Grey of Ruthin
• Fact: 1465, Cr. Earl of Kent

Edmund married Katherine PERCY before 1458/9. Katherine (daughter of Sir Henry DE PERCY and Alianor NEVILLE) was born on 28 May 1423 in Leconfield. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir William KNYVET. William (son of Sir John KNYVETT and Alice LYNNE) was born about 1440; died in 1515 in of Buckenham, Norfolk. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 2nd Duke of Exeter

Henry married Anne PLANTAGENET before 30 Jul 1447, and was divorced on 12 Nov 1472. Anne (daughter of Richard PLANTAGENET and Cecily DE NEVILLE) was born on 10 Aug 1439 in Fotheringay Castle; died in 12 or 14 Jan 1476; was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Lord John NEVILLE on 18 Feb 1440/1. John (son of Ralph NEVILLE and Elizabeth PERCY) died between 07 Mar 1449 and 1450; was buried in Haltemprice, co. York. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married John NEVILLE before 05 Sep 1452. John (son of John NEVILLE and Elizabeth HOLAND) was born about 1410; died on 29 Mar 1461 in Killed - Battle of Towton. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married James Of DOUGLAS after 1461. James died after 22 May 1491. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Henry Of Windsor

Notes:

Name:
He succeeded his father on 1 Sep 1422, and was crowned King of England on 6 Nov. 1429. He was deposed by Edward, Duke of York, on 4 Mar 1461, but was restored by Richard Neville 'the Kingmaker', Earl of Warwick, on 3 Oct 1470. He was again deposed by the Yorkist victory at Barnet on 14 Apr 1471.

Henry VI ascended the thrones of England and France in 1422. During his long reign, his mind failed him more than once and he had to submit the kingdom to the rule of a Protector, Richard, Duke of York. This led to civil war and his throne was taken away from him by the Protector's son, Edward IV, in 1461, given back briefly in 1470, and again taken away in 1471. Weeks later Henry was murdered in the Tower of London.

In 1422, Henry was kin of a French people who had lost faith in their leaders and themselves. Their pride was restored by Joan of arc, a young peasant girl from Domremy in eastern France. In 1429 Joan claimed to have had a vision from the Virgin Mary telling her to drive the English out of France, and she began a campaign that was to see the English expelled from all but Calais by 1453. In 1431 the English captured and burned Joan at the stake as a witch and heretic in Rouen.

The Wars of the Roses can be seen quite simply as the military expression of an on-going family quarrel between two branches of the royal house of Plantagenet, the houses of Lancaster and York. the wars broke out in 1455 as a result of Yorkist exasperation with the weak and inefficient government of Henry VI, and lasted, with lengthy intervals, for 30 years.

Gentle, kind and extremely generous, Henry was a simple man, incapable of deceit or craftiness. Throughout his life, Henry was deeply religious, a trait that manifested itself in his great enthusiasm for education and building.

Henry married Margaret Of ANJOU on 23 Apr 1445 in Titchfield, co. Hants. Margaret (daughter of King of Naples Rene I Of NAPLES and Isabella Of LORRAINE) was born on 23 Mar 1429; died on 25 Aug 1482 in Chatea de Dampierre. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Antigone married Sir Henry GREY after 3 Jan 1434/5. Henry (son of Sir John GRAY, K.G. and Joan CHERLETON) was born about 1419; died on 13 Jan 1449/50. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Enrique IV King Of Castile And Leon
• Name: Henry IV Of Castile
• Fact: Between 1454 and 1474, King of Castile and Leon

Notes:

Enrique IV (5 January 1425 - 11 December 1474), King of Castile, nicknamed the Impotent (ruled 1454-1474), was the last of the weak late medieval kings of Castile. During Enrique's reign the nobles increased in power and the nation became less centralised. He was born in 1425 and was the son of John II of Castile and Maria of Aragon, daughter of King Ferdinand I of Aragon.

At the age of fifteen he was married to Blanca of Navarre (1420-1464) . Blanca was considered to have remained a virgin, not only on her wedding night, but for the rest of her marriage. After thirteen years, Enrique sought a divorce. An official examination confirmed the virginity of Blanca, and a priest questioned the prostitutes of Segovia, who confirmed that Henry was sexually capable. A divorce was granted by the Pope on the grounds that some "witchcraft" had prevented Enrique from consummating the marriage. Blanca was sent home, where her family imprisoned her, and she was later killed by poison in 1464. It was widely believed at the time that the king was homosexual.

In 1455, Enrique married Princess Juana, sister of Afonso V of Portugal. She, too, was said to have remained untouched on her wedding night, and soon took a lover, Beltran de la Cueva. In the course of the attempts to produce an heir, artificial insemination was attempted. After six years of marriage, in 1462, she gave birth to a daughter, Joanna, also Juana, nicknamed "La Beltraneja". Miller maintains that the question of her paternity cannot be answered. The doubt of her legitimacy as an heir, the weakness of the king, the adultery of the queen, and the unruliness of the nobilty all set the stage for a struggle for succession after Enrique's death. Enrique divorced his wife after her scandalous behavior with Bishop Fonseca's nephew. Juana was supported by Portugal, while the eventual winner, his half-sister Isabella of Castile had the support of Aragon via her husband Fernando and, later in the war, France. After a long period of conflict between the rival factions, Enrique finally agreed to name Isabella his successor, provided she allow him to arrange her strategic marriage. Isabella would go on to break this stipulation of the agreement anyway.

Wikipedia Encyclopedia:
Enrique IV (5 January 1425 - 11 December 1474), King of Castile, nicknamed the Impotent (ruled 1454-1474), was the last of the weak late medieval kings of Castile. During Enrique's reign the nobles increased in power and the nation became less centralised. He was born in 1425 and was the son of John II of Castile and Maria of Aragon, daughter of King Ferdinand I of Aragon.

At the age of fifteen he was married to Blanca of Navarre (1420-1464) . Blanca was considered to have remained a virgin, not only on her wedding night, but for the rest of her marriage. After thirteen years, Enrique sought a divorce. An official examination confirmed the virginity of Blanca, and a priest questioned the prostitutes of Segovia, who confirmed that Henry was sexually capable. A divorce was granted by the Pope on the grounds that some "witchcraft" had prevented Enrique from consummating the marriage. Blanca was sent home, where her family imprisoned her, and she was later killed by poison in 1464. It was widely believed at the time that the king was homosexual.

In 1455, Enrique married Princess Juana, sister of Afonso V of Portugal. She, too, was said to have remained untouched on her wedding night, and soon took a lover, Beltran de la Cueva. In the course of the attempts to produce an heir, artificial insemination was attempted. After six years of marriage, in 1462, she gave birth to a daughter, Joanna, also Juana, nicknamed "La Beltraneja". Miller maintains that the question of her paternity cannot be answered. The doubt of her legitimacy as an heir, the weakness of the king, the adultery of the queen, and the unruliness of the nobilty all set the stage for a struggle for succession after Enrique's death. Enrique divorced his wife after her scandalous behavior with Bishop Fonseca's nephew. Juana was supported by Portugal, while the eventual winner, his half-sister Isabella of Castile had the support of Aragon via her husband Fernando and, later in the war, France. After a long period of conflict between the rival factions, Enrique finally agreed to name Isabella his successor, provided she allow him to arrange her strategic marriage. Isabella would go on to break this stipulation of the agreement anyway.

Henry married Joanna Of PORTUGAL on 21 May 1455 in Cordoba. Joanna (daughter of Edward of Portugal Duarte I King Of PORTUGAL and Queen of Portugal Leonor Of ARAGON) was born in Mar 1439; died between 17 Jan and 13 Jun 1475 in Madrid, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Blanca of Navarre Blanca Of ARAGON on 15 Sep 1440. Blanca (daughter of Juan II King Of Navarre And ARAGON and Blanca II Of NAVARRE) was born in 1420; died in 1464. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Isabel I Queen Of Castile
• Residence: Between 1474 and 1504, Queen of Castile and Leon
• Death: 1501

Isabella married Ferdinand V of Castile Ferdinand II King Of ARAGON on 19 Oct 1469 in Ocana. Ferdinand (son of Juan II King Of ARAGON and ? UNKNOWN, son of Juan II King Of Navarre And ARAGON and Juana ENRIQUEZ) was born on 10 Mar 1452; died on 23 Jun 1516 in Madrigalejo, Caceres, Extremadura. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Infinate Don Alfonso

Family/Spouse: Francis I Count Of MONTFORT. Francis died in 1450. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Burial: (2) St. Leon of Thouars
• Residence: Died before her husband became king of France

Margaret married Louis XI King Of FRANCE on 24 Jun 1436. Louis (son of Charles VII King Of FRANCE and Marie Of ANJOU) was born on 03 Jul 1423 in Bourges; died between 24 and 30 Aug 1483; was buried in Notre-Dame de Clery, Montils. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Wolfram VON BORSELEN in 1444 in Ter Veere in Zealand. Wolfram died on 29 Apr 1487 in Ghent; was buried in Sanderburg. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Twin to James II
• Residence: Duke of Rothesay

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Was deaf and dumb

Family/Spouse: James DOUGLAS. James died before 22 Oct 1493. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married Archduke Sigismund Of AUSTRIA on 12 Feb 1449. Archduke died on 26 Oct 1496. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Reigned: Between 1437 and 1460, King of Scots
• Crowned: 25 Mar 1437, Holyrood "in the Parliament of Edinburgh"

James married Mary Of GUELDRES on 2/3 Jul 1449 in Holyrood. Mary (daughter of Arnold Duke Of GUELDERS and Catherine of CLEVES) died on 1 Dec 1463. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Annabella and Louis divorced

Annabella married Louis Count Of GENEVA on 14 Dec 1447. Louis died in Apr 1482. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Annabella married George GORDON before 10 Mar 1459, and was divorced on 24 Jul 1471. George died before 30 Jan 1502. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact 1: Earl of Buchan in Scotland
• Fact 2: Hearty James

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: John Stewart of Balveny
• Fact: Earl of Atholl

Family/Spouse: Margaret Of GALLOWAY. Margaret died before 1475. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Bishop of Moray

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Founder of Christ's and St. John's Colleges, Cambridge University

Notes:

Name:
She was a valuable and early patron to Caxton...She was one of the few worthy and high-minded members of the aristocracy, in an essentially selfish and cruel age.

Margaret married John DE LA POLE before 18 Aug 1450, and was divorced before 1453. John (son of William DE LA POLE and Alice CHAUCER) was born on 27 Sep 1442; died between 29 Oct 1491 and 27 Oct 1492; was buried in Wingfield. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Edmund TUDOR in 1455. Edmund (son of Owen TUDOR and Catherine Of FRANCE) was born about 1430 in Hertfordshire, England; died on 03 Nov 1456 in Carmarthen; was buried in Grey Friars, Carmarthen. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Henry STAFFORD, Knt. before 1464. Henry (son of Humphrey STAFFORD and Anne NEVILLE) died on 4 Oct 1471. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Thomas STANLEY before Nov 1482. Thomas (son of Sir Thomas STANLEY, Knt and Joan GOUSHILL) was born about 1435; died on 29 Jul 1504 in Lathom; was buried in Burscough Abbey, Near Ormskirk. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomasine married Reynold GREY before 6 Oct 1447. Reynold (son of Lord Richard GREY and Blanche ?) was born about 1421; died on 22 Feb 1493/4; was buried in Bletchley, co. Buckingham. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Countess of Wiltshire

Alianor married James BUTLER in Apr 1458. James was born about 1420; died on 01 May 1461 in Executed - Newcastle(captured after the Battle of Towton). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Robert SPENCER. Robert was born about 1435 in Spencercombe, Devonshire, England; died before 1510. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Richard FRY. Richard was born about 1431. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert ST LAWRENCE. Robert died in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William Paxton PASTON, II. William (son of Justice William PASTON, I and Agnes BERRY) was born in 1436; died in 1496. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 2nd Duke of Somerset

Notes:

Name:
He was with his father at the 1st Battle of St. Albans, at which he was severely wounded, on 22 May 1455. He commanded the victorious Lancastrian army at the Battle f Wakefield on 30 Dec 1469, and defeated the Yorkists at the 2nd Battle of St. Albans 17 Feb 1460/1. After defeat at the Battle of Towton on 29 Mar 1461, he fled to Scotland; attained, 1461 and all honours forfeited; pardoned 10 Mar 1462/3 but at end of 1463 deserted King Edward IV, and fled to Alnwick; defeated and captured at the Battle of Hexham. Henry Beaufort was beheaded by the Yorkists at Hexham on the same day 15 May 1464, unmarried and was buried Hexham Abbey.

Family/Spouse: Jane HILL. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Humphrey STAFFORD. Humphrey (son of Humphrey STAFFORD and Anne NEVILLE) was born about 1424 in Stafford, England; died on 22 May 1455 in Said to be slain on the Lancastrian side, at the first battle of St. Albans. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Richard DARREL, Knt. Richard was born in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 3rd Duke of Somerset

Notes:

Name:
Fled after the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471 to take refuge in Tewkesbury Abbey, beheaded by the Yorkies in the town of Tewkesbury on 6 May 1471, buried in the Abbey Church. With him the house of Beaufort became extinct.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Styled Earl of Dorset

Family/Spouse: Henry FITZ LEWIS, Knt. Henry was born in West Horndon, Essex, England; died in May 1480. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Earl of Devon

Family/Spouse: Hugh CONWAY. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Roger CLIFFORD. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 1477, Knighted at the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth HERBERT. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth/Isabel FITZ HUGH. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ralph married Beatrice HAWCLYF after 20 Sep 1483. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John DARCY. John (son of John DARCY and Margaret DE GREY) was born about 1400; died in 1458. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 1444, M.P. for Lincolnshire
• Fact 1: 1439-1440, 1452-1453, Sheriff of Lincolnshire

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth NEWMARCH. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Margaret PLUMPTON about 1467. Margaret died on 14 May 1487. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William FITZ ALAN. William was born on 23 Nov 1417; died in 1487; was buried in Arundel. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Katherine married William BONVILLE on or before 1458. William (son of William BONVILLE and Elizabeth HARINGTON) was born in 1442; died on 3 Dec 1460 in Slain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Katherine married William HASTINGS before 06 Feb 1461/2. William died on 13 Jun 1483 in Executed - The Tower; was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Henry FITZ HUGH. Henry (son of William FITZ HUGH, Knt. and Margery DE WILLOUGHBY) was born about 1429; died on 08 Jun 1472. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Cecily married Henry DE BEAUCHAMP in 1434. Henry (son of Richard DE BEAUCHAMP and Isabel LE DESPENSER) was born on 22 Mar 1424/5 in Hanley Castle, Worchester, England; died on 11 Jun 1446 in Hanley Castle, co. Worchester; was buried in Tewkesbury Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John TIPTOFT. John (son of John TIPTOFT, Knt. and Joyce CHERLETON) was born on 08 May 1427; died on 18 Oct 1470 in Executed - Tower Hill. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John DE VERE, III. John was born on 08 Sep 1442; died on 10 Mar 1513 in Hedingham Castle; was buried in Colne Priory. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
Richard Neville 'the Kingmaker', Knt., Earl of Warwick juer uxoris, Earl of Salisbury (succeeding his other), son and heir, born 22 Nov 1428; after the recovery of King Henry VI from madness he became a staunch Yorkist and at the first battle of St. Albans on 22 May 1455 'had the good fortune to decide the day and win somewhat easily a military reputation'; defeated the Lancastrians at Northampton on 10 July 1460, and captured King Henry VI whom he brought to London; still in charge of the King in London when the Yorkists were defeated at the battle of Wakefield on 30 December (in which his father was taken prisoner, being beheaded the next day, when he succeeded to the great Neville estate of Middleham, co. York); on 17 Feb 1460/1 put to flight by the Lancastrians at the 2nd battle of St. Alans, and allowed King Henry VI to be recaptured, but having joined the young Duke of York, the entered London; one of the peers who declared the Duke to be King, as Edward IV; commanded the centre in the decisive Yorkist victory at Towton on 29 Mar 1461. The King's marriage, however, in May 1464, to Elizabeth Wydeville and the favour shown to the Queen's relatives alienated him; secretly planned his restoration to authority throughout 1468; allowed to cross to Calais early in 1469; joined by his brother George, Archbishop of York, and by the King's brother, the Duke of Clarence, to whom he there married Isabel, his eldest daughter and co-heiress presumptive; these three joined the Yorkshire insurgents; then suppressed the Lancastrian rising in the North; slain at Barnet on Easter Sunday 14 Apr 1471 s.p.m. buried Bisham Abbey, co. Berks.

Family/Spouse: Anne DE BEAUCHAMP. Anne (daughter of Richard DE BEAUCHAMP and Isabel LE DESPENSER) was born about Sep 1426 in Caversham; died about 1490. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alianor married Thomas STANLEY after 10 May 1457. Thomas (son of Sir Thomas STANLEY, Knt and Joan GOUSHILL) was born about 1435; died on 29 Jul 1504 in Lathom; was buried in Burscough Abbey, Near Ormskirk. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Maud STANHOPE in Aug 1453 in Tattershall, Lincolnshire. Maud (daughter of Richard STANHOPE and Maud CROMWELL) died on 30 Aug 1497. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
John Neville, Knt., K.G., third son, was born about 1431, and was knighted by King Henry VI at greenwich on Christmas Day 1449. A quarrel with Sir Thomas Percy developed into a clan war throughout the Northern counties, and was a prelude to the Wars of the Roses. he married Isabel Ingoldisthorpe. They had one son and five daughters. When his brother Richard 'the King Maker' came into control of the country, he received advancement and many grants. He was summoned to Parliament on 23 May 1461 by writ directed 'Johanni Neville domino de Montague chivaler', whereby he is held to become Lord Montagu. He was created Marquess of Montagu on 25 mar 1470. John Neville, Marquess of Montagu, was slain with his brother Richard at Barnet 14 Apr 1471, buried with his brother, at Bisham Abbey, co. Berks.

John married Isabel INGOLDISTHORPE on 25 Apr 1457. Isabel (daughter of Edmund INGOLDISTHORPE, Knt. and Joan TIPTOFT) died on 20 May 1476; was buried in Bisham Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Bishop of Exeter, Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 3rd Earl of Northumberland

Notes:

Name:
Henry Percy, Knt., 6th Lord Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, was son and heir. In consequence of his marriage he was summoned v.p. to parliament on 14 Dc 1446 as Lord Poynings. Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, took part in the battle of Wakefield on 30 Dec 1460, and was slain fighting for the king at the Battle of Towton on 29 Mar 1461, burial, it is said, at St. Denis', co. York.

Henry married Alianor DE POYNINGS on 25 Jun 1435. Alianor (daughter of Richard DE POYNINGS and Eleanor BERKELEY) was born about 1423 in Suffolk, England; died on 04 Feb 1483/4. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Katherine married Edmund GREY before 1458/9. Edmund (son of Sir John GREY, K.G. and Constance DE HOLAND) was born on 26 Oct 1416; died on 22 May 1490. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Lord Egremont

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: A prebendary of Beverley

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Bishop of Carlisle

Family/Spouse: Eleanor DE ACTON. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Edward BEDHOWING. Edward died on 22 Feb 1472. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Richard STRANGEWAYS, Knt.. Richard (son of James STRANGEWAYS, Knt. and Elizabeth DARCY) was born in of West Harsley, co. York, Hadstone, Northumberland, Eckington, co. Derby; died on 13 Apr 1488. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John CONYERS. John (son of Sir John CONYERS, Knt. and Margery DARCY) died on 26 Jul 1469 in Battle of Edgcote Field. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married William BEAUMONT before 04 Mar 1461. William (son of John BEAUMONT and Elizabeth PHELIP) died on 19 Dec 1507. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Sir William KNYVET about 1477. William (son of Sir John KNYVETT and Alice LYNNE) was born about 1440; died in 1515 in of Buckenham, Norfolk. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Margaret BEAUFORT before 1464. Margaret (daughter of John BEAUFORT and Margaret BEAUCHAMP) was born between 31 May 1441 and 1443 in Bletsoe, Bedfordshire, England; died between 29 Jun and 05 Jul 1509 in Westminster Palace; was buried in Westminster Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Katherine married John TALBOT about 1467. John (son of John TALBOT, Knt. and Elizabeth BUTLER) was born on 12 Dec 1448; died on 28 Jun 1473 in Coventry; was buried in Worksop Priory, Nottinghamshire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Twin with William

Family/Spouse: Constance GREEN. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Margaret BEAUFORT. Margaret (daughter of Edmund BEAUFORT and Alianor DE BEAUCHAMP) was born in England; died in 1474. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Aubrey DE VERE. Aubrey died in 1462 in Executed with his father. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Thomas COBHAM. Thomas died in 1471. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Isabel was a nun.

Family/Spouse: Joan BOURCHIER. Joan (daughter of John BOURCHIER, Knt. and Margery BERNERS) was born about 1442 in Halstead, England; died on 07 Oct 1470; was buried in Chapel Of Our Lady, Warwick, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Henry DE HOLAND before 30 Jul 1447, and was divorced on 12 Nov 1472. Henry (son of John DE HOLAND and Anne STAFFORD) was born on 27 Jun 1430 in Tower of London; died in Sep 1475 in Found dead in the English Channel. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Thomas SAINT LEGER between 1472 and 1473. Thomas was born in Ulcombe, Kent, England; died on 8 Nov 1483 in Beheaded at Exeter. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: bet. 1461-1470, King of England
• Fact 1: Between 1471-1483, King of England

Notes:

Name:
Edward IV Plantagenet, eldest surviving son and heir, born at Rouen 28 Apr 1442, known as Earl of March till he succeeded his father on 30 Dec 1460 as 4th Duke of York, proclaimed King of England by his supporters on 4 mar 1461, and crowned at Westminster on 29 June 1461, deposed by Richard Neville 'the Kingmaker', 1st Earl of Warwick and 2nd Earl of Salisbury, and fled to Flanders, returned to England 14 Mar 1471, and defeated Warwick and the Lancastrians at Barnet on 14 Apr 1471, and at Tewkesbury, 4 May 1471, died at Westminster 9 Apr 1483, buried St. George's Chapel, Windsor; married, privately, at the manor house of the bride's father at Grafton Regis, co. Northhampton, 1 May 1464, Elizabeth Wydeville (Woodville), born about 1437, crowned at Westminster 26 May 1465, died testate at Bermondsey Abbey, where for some time she had resided, or had been compelled by King Henry VII to reside, on 8 June 1492, buried with the King, her second husband.

Edward IV came to the throne with two aims: to restore the system of justice and to improve royal finances, both of which had suffered during the reign of Henry VI. Edward proved himself an able ruler, and during his reign, which was briefly interrupted, the country enjoyed a well-deserved period of peace.

When Edward became King at the age of 18, he was described by many as a beautiful young man, about 2 metres (6 feet) tall, with polished manners and a genial disposition.

Edward married Elizabeth WOODVILLE on 01 May 1464 in Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire. Elizabeth (daughter of Richard WOODVILLE and Jacquetta Of LUXEMBOURG) was born about 1437; died in 7 or 8 June 1492. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Burial: Between 22 and 29 Jul 1466, Fotheringhay

Elizabeth married John DE LA POLE between 1458 and Aug 1461. John (son of William DE LA POLE and Alice CHAUCER) was born on 27 Sep 1442; died between 29 Oct 1491 and 27 Oct 1492; was buried in Wingfield. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Charles I The Bold Duke Of BURGUNDY on 03 Jul 1468 in Dame. Charles (son of Philip III The Good Duke Of BURGUNDY and Isabel Of PORTUGAL) was born on 10 Nov 1433; died on 05 Jan 1477 in Killed - Battle of Nancy; was buried in St. George's Church, Nancy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 28 Jun 1461, Duke of Clarence
• Fact: 25 Mar 1471/2, Earl of Warwick and Salisbury
• Fact 2: 20 May 1472, Great Chamberlain of England

Notes:

Name:
George Plantagenet, K.G., sixth but third surviving son, was born at Dublin Castle on 21 Oct. 1449. He was created Duke of Clarence by his brother King Edward IV on 28 Jun 1461. He was first summoned to Parliament on 28 Feb 1466/7.
He joined his father-in-law in the rebellion against the King (his brother) in favour of the deposed King, Henry VI, but, changing sides, assisted in King Edward's victory at Barnet on 14 Apr 1471. In this battle his wife's father was slain whereupon he, 'in consideration of that his marriage', was created Earl of Warwick and Earl of Salisbury on 25 mar 1471/2, and on 20 May 1472 made Great Chamberlain of England. Isabel Neville died at Warwick Castle on 22 Dec 1476, and was buried at Tewkesbury. He proposed a second marriage with Mary, daughter of the Duke of Burgundy, a match which was much opposed by the Queen Consort. He was accused of high treason against his brother King Edward IV, found guilty, and attainted on 8 Feb 1477/8, whereby all his honours were forfeited. He was executed in the Tower aged twenty-eight in 18 Feb 1478, said to have been drowned in a butt of malmsey wine, and was buried in Tewkesbury Abby.

George married Isabel NEVILLE on 11 Jul 1469 in Calais, church of Notre Dame. Isabel (daughter of Richard NEVILLE and Anne DE BEAUCHAMP) was born on 05 Sep 1451 in Warwick Castle, England; died on 12 Dec 1476 in Warwick Castle; was buried in Tewkesbury Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Reigned: Between 1483 and 1485

Notes:

Name:
Richard III Plantagenet, youngest son, born 2 Oct 1452, created Duke of Gloucester by his brother King Edward IV 1 Nov. 1461, Lord Protector 1483, deposed his nephew Edward V and usurped the throne 26 June 1483, crowned King of England 6 July 1483, slain at the Battle of Bosworth 22 Aug. 1485 fighting against the invader Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond.

Richard III was king for barely two years, but once he was dead, historians, clerics and even playwrights fell over themselves to blacken his name. Most of the propaganda was designed to serve the Tudor dynasty, which began when Henry VII's army defeated and killed Richard at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. However, in more recent time,s historians have questioned whether Richard III really deserves his evil reputation.

Tall, lean, and with slender limbs. Richard was a handsome man. Contrary to William Shakespeare's portrayal of the King in 'The Life and Death of King Richard III', there is no evidence that Richard was a hunchback, although he might have had one shoulder slightly higher than the other. Devoted to his brother Edward, and reliable in all the many tasks Edward asked him to do, Richard was undoubtedly courageous and proved in his very short reign to be an energetic, painstaking, and just ruler.

On 22 August 1485, the 8,000-strong army of Henry Tudor faced Richard's 12,000-strong army in fields just outside the town of Market Bosworth in Leicestershire. Richard's support soon ebbed away, but he himself dived courageously into the thick of battle, coming within a sword's length of Henry Tudor before he was cut down.

Richard married Anne NEVILLE on 12 Jul 1472 in Westminster. Anne (daughter of Richard NEVILLE and Anne DE BEAUCHAMP) was born on 11 Jun 1456 in Warwick Castle, England; died on 16 Mar 1485 in Westminster Palace; was buried in Westminster Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Died within the lifetime of his father

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Lord Bergavenny (Abergavenny)

Notes:

Name:
George Neville, Knt., 4th Lord Bergavenny, second but first surviving son and heir by first marriage, was born at Raby Caste, Durham, and baptised at Staindrop, Durham, in 1435. He was summoned to Parliament from 15 Nov 1482 by writs directed 'Georgio Nevyle de Bergevenny chr.' He married for the first time to Margaret Fenne. They had five sons and two daughters.

Family/Spouse: Margaret FENNE. Margaret (daughter of Hugh FENNE and ?. UNKNOWN) died on 28 Sep 1485. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth ?. Elizabeth died in 1500. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John BROOKE, Knt.. John (son of Edward BROOKE and Elizabeth TUCHET) was born in 1444; died on 09 Mar 1511/12. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert TANFIELD, Gent.. Robert (son of Robert TANFIELD, Esq. and Elizabeth BROOKE) was born about 1461 in of Gayton, co. Northampton. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: 3rd Duke of Norfolk
• Fact 1: 9th Lord of Norfolk

John married Eleanor BOURCHIER between 1424 and 1437. Eleanor (daughter of Sir William BOURCHIER and Anne Of GLOUCESTER) was born in England; died in Nov 1474; was buried in Thetford Priory. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]