Edward Of ENGLAND

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Edward Prince Of England
• Name: Edward The Black Prince
• Name: Prince of Wales

Notes:

Excerpt from Blood Royal: Edward was called the Black Prince because of the black armor he wore or because of his temper(Delderfield, Kings and Queens of England, pg. 54). sedgwick (The Black Prince, pg. 27) indicates that the name came about because of his "dreadful deeds in war" but adds that "the name does not appear in recorded history until two hundred years after his death," so a certain explanation may not be forthcoming. Costain, "The Three Edwards, pg 252, reminds us that Edward wore black armor (Sable mail"-a gift from his father) at the battle of Crecy and that he ussed black in his heraldic devices. Edward the Black Prince: His Tomb and Funeral Achievements in Canterbury Cathedral, a booklet published by Canterbury Cathedral, 1987, states that the name "was probable contemporty and alluded to the colour of the livery worn by his retainers."

Illegitimate Issues:

John Sounder, believed to be the child of Edith de Willesford. He was "honorable mentioned by (the chronicler) Froissart."

Roger de Clarendon, who was executed by his cousin, Henry IV

A daughter who was married to Walaeran de Luxemburg, Count of Ligny and St. Pol.

Edward married Joan The Fair Maid Of KENT on 10 Oct 1361 in Windsor. Joan (daughter of Edmund 'of Woodstock' Of KENT and Margaret WAKE) was born on 29 Sep 1328; died on 08 Aug 1385 in Wallingford Castle, Berkshire; was buried in Church of the Grey Friars, Stamford, Lincolnshire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Joan Plantagenet
• Name: Baroness Wake
• Name: Baroness Woodstock
• Name: Countess of Kent

Other Events and Attributes:

• Burial: Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England
• Fact: Between 1327 and 1377, King of England
• Crowned: 02 Feb 1327, Westminster Abbey
• Death: 21 Jun 1377, Shene Palace, Surrey, England

Notes:

[Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

[ingram1.FTW]

http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01229
Reigned 1327-1377. Edward assumed effective power in 1330 after imprisoning his mother and executing her lover Roger de Mortimer who had murdered his father; therafter his reign was dominated by military adventures. His victory in Scotland, especially at Haildon Hill 1333 encouraged him to plan (1363) the union of England and Scotland. Through his mother he claimed the French throne thus starting (1337) the Hundred years war. His son John of Gaunt dominated the government during his last years. Died of a Stroke.

Name:
Edward III of England, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duc d'Aguitaine, Earl of Chester, was born at Windsor Castle, co. Berks, on 13 Nov. 1312. He succeeded his father as from 24 Jan 1326/7, and was crowned aged fifteen at Westminster Abbey on 29 Jan 1326/7. During his first four years of his reign England was governed in his name by his mother and Roger Mortimer. Edward assumed personal rule on 19-20 Oct 1330, and had Mortimer executed. In 1333 he reversed Isabelle's and Mortimer's policy of peace with Scotland by invading it, reviving the ambitions of his grandfather King Edward I. Edward III's main foreign preoccupation, however, from 1337 onwards was France, whose king, Philippe VI, then declared his Ducy of Gascony forfeited. Edward formally assumed the title ensued with some respite from truces. The financial burden of the war roused resentment which was assuaged somewhat when Edward negotiated the main war taxes with the representatives of the shires and the borough communities sitting in parliament. He aroused enthusiasm for the war by engaging the chivalrous interests of the nobles in it and stirring up distrust and hatred of the French. Edward won the battle of Sluys in Flanders in June 1340. Bubonic plague (the Black Death) made its first appearance in England during his reign in 1348. His son Edward 'the Black Prince' captured the French king, Jean II, in his victory at Poitiers in 1356. In 1360 Jean the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty. The gains won by English armed forces however could not be sustained in the face of sustained French resources. In the war of 1369-75 Jean's son Charles V won back from Edward what had been conceded in 1360. By the tie of his death he had been discredited. His wife and consort died at Windsor Castle on 15 Aug 1369. Edward III of England, King of England, died at Sheen Palace, Richmond, Surrey, on 21 June 1377. They were buried at Westminster Abbey. The descendants of their sons, Lionel of Clarence, John of Lancaster, and Edmund of York, contested the Throne for generations ending the Wars of the Roses from 1455 to 1485.

Edward ruled for 50 years, reign dominated by the 100 Years' War with France. Edward's principal aim was to unite the nobility into a cohesive class of public servants, motivated by chivalry, enriched by the wealth he enabled them to win, and tied to the crown through marriage to his relatives.

Tall and handsome, with gold-red hair, Edward was a flamboyant affable, and generous man. He excelled in the knightly arts, and loved hunting and falconry. He was much loved by his people.

Edward married Philippa Of HAINAULT on 24 Jan 1328 in York Minster, York, Yorkshire, England. Philippa (daughter of William III and Jeanne Of VALOIS) was born on 24 Jun 1311 in Valenciennes; died on 15 Aug 1369 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Crowned: 18 Feb 1330, Westminster Abbey
• Death: 14 Aug 1369, Windsor Castle

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Edmund Plantagenet
• Name: Earl of Kent

Notes:

Name:
Edmund of Kent (of Woodstock) Earl of Kent, sixth son, born at Woodstock co. Oxford, 5 Aug 1301; created Earl of Kent 28 July 1321, beheaded on 19 Mar 1330 for alleged treason in wishing to restore his half-brother Edward II to the throne.

Edmund married Margaret WAKE on 25 Dec 1325. Margaret (daughter of Lord Baron John WAKE and Jeanne/Joan DE FENNES) was born about 1299; died on 29 Sep 1349. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Burial: Gloucester Cathedral
• Name: Edward II Of Coernarvon
• Crowned: Between 23 and 25 Feb 1308, Westminster Abbey
• Fact: 1301, The First Prince of Wales
• Fact: Between 1307 and 1327, King of England
• Deposed: 20 Jan 1327

Notes:

Illegitimate Issue of Edward II:

Adam, b. 1310, about whom almost nothing is known except that he accompanied his father on the 1322 Scottish campaign.
[Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

[ingram1.FTW]

http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal00286
Reigned 1307-1327 deposed and murdered. 1st Prince of Wales His reign was troubled by extravagances, his militarist disasters in Scotland notably at Bannockburn (1314) and unpopularity of his favourite peers Gaveston who died in 1312 and Hugh le Despencer 1262-1326. He was deposed on 21 Jan 1327, and murdered by a red-hot poker in his bowels. Invested as the first English Prince of Wales in 1301.

Name:
Edward II of England (of Caenarvon), eldest surviving son and heir, was born at Caernarvon, co, Caernarvon, Wales, on 25 Apr 1284. He was crowned on 25 Feb 1308. He had little success in meeting the problems left by his father in Scotland and Gascony, and with the barons. He failed to appease the barons by consultation or the borough communities by curbing the activities of his officials, and angered them by the favours which he bestowed on a foreigner, Peter de Gaveston. In 1310 Edward agreed to a degree of baronial control over government. The barons seized Gaveston and executed him in June 1312. Robert I (the Bruce), King of Scotland, threatened to overthrow the English overlordship. Edward led an army into Scotland and was decisively defeated by Bruce at Bannockburn on 24 June 1314, and was unable to defend northern England against Scottish devastation. Edward found new favorites, the two Hughs le Despenser, father and son. The territorial ambitions of the Despensers in Wales antagonized the Welsh marcher lords. They mad an alliance with Edward's cousin, Thomas of Lancaster, but were defeated by Edward at Boroughbridge, co. York, in March 1322. His reliance on the Despensers aroused the resentment of his queen, Isabelle. While on a diplomatic mission in 1325 to Paris involving the dispute over Edward's French lands, she became the mistress of Roger Mortimer, an exiled baronial opponent of Edward. In 1326 Isabelle and Roger invaded England, executed the Despensers, and deposed Edward on 7 Jan. 1327 in favour of his son Edward. Edward II of England, King of England, was murdered in Berkeley Castle on 21 Sep 1327, apparently in an attempt to escape the castle, and was buried it is said, at Gloucester.

In 1284 Edward I was in Wales following his successful conquest of the country. His wife, Eleanor, gave birth to a son and heir, Edward, while they were staying at Caernarfon. there has long been a tradition that Edward held up his baby son at a gathering of Welsh nobles and said: 'Here is your new Prince of Wales'. In fact Edward was not made Prince of Wales until 1301, but ever since that time, the monarch's eldest son has received the title of Prince of Wales.

One of the sadder personalities among English monarchs, it is hard not to feel sorry for Edward II, not only for the terrible manner of his death but also for the difficulties that beset him during his 20 year reign. He was finally deposed and, in 1327, horribly murdered on his wife's orders.

Blessed with good health, good looks, and a good brain, Edward was physically strong and enjoyed a variety of sporting interest. However, his loyalty to his friends, one of his greatest virtues, led to his downfall, for he was a poor judge of men.

Edward married Isabella Of FRANCE on 25 Jan 1308 in Boulogne Cathedral, France. Isabella (daughter of Philip IV and Jeanne I Of NAVARRE) was born in 1295 in Paris, Seine, France; died on 22 Aug 1358 in Castle Rising, Norfolk, England; was buried in Grey Friars Church, London. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Crowned: Between 23 and 25 Feb 1308, Westminster Abbey (with her husband)
• Birth: Between 1292 and 1295, Paris, France
• Death: 27 Aug 1357, Roseing

Notes:

Excerpt from Blood Royal: In February 1308, Esabella of France, wife of the ill-fated Edward II, was crowned Queen of England. This descendant of Harold came to be called the She-Wolf of france, and she brougth back his blood to the throne of England with a vengeance. Pushed aside by her husband in his perference for his favorite, Piers Gaveston, she became romantically involved with Roger de Mortimer, Earlof March, and their intrigues resulted in the deposition and assassination of the king.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Fact: Count of Hainault and Holland
• Name: William Count Of Hainault And Holland
• Name: William III Bonus

William married Jeanne Of VALOIS on 19 May 1305 in France. Jeanne (daughter of Charles Of FRANCE and Margaret Of NAPLES) was born about 1294 in Valois, France; died in 1352. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: 7 Mar 1342

Other Events and Attributes:

• Burial: Westminster Abbey, London, England
• Name: Edward I Longshanks
• Fact: 1272, Duke of Aquitaine
• Fact: Between 1272 and 1307, King of England
• Fact: 19 Aug 1272, Crowned
• Crowned: 19 Aug 1274, Westerminster Abbey

Notes:

Edward was called the Hammer of the Scots.

Illegitimate Issue: John De Botetourte (d. 25 Nov 1324), 1st Lord Botetourte, is listed by Taute' and Weis as an illegitimate son of Edward I; He married Maud, daughter of Thomas Fitz Otes (b. abt. 1231; d. by 28 March 1274) and Beatrice De Beauchamp (d. abt 1280/1281).[Hulett FTW from MC Scott.FTW]

[ingram1.FTW]

http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01261
Reigned 1272-1307
In the Barons war 1264-67 he defeated the Barons at Evesham (1265) as King he is noted for encouraging Parliamentary institutions at the expense of feudalism and for subduing Wales on which he imposed the English system of administration. He later tried to assert his authority over Scotland and died while on his way to fight Robert Bruce.

Name:
Edward I of England (Longshanks), King of England, son and heir, was born at Westminster, Middlesex, on 17 June 1239, and was named after the Anglo-Saxon king Edward the Confessor whose memory was honoured by King Henry. He was granted Gascony and was created Earl of Chester on 14 Feb 1254. to prevent the rebellious Gascons from obtaining help from Castille, his marriage was arranged. he was married for the first time at monastery of Las Huelgas in Spain on 18 Oct 1254 (he being fifteen and she ten years of age) to Alianore De Castille, daughter of Fernando III, Rey de Castilla y Leon, by his second wife Jeanne, daughter of Simon de Dammartin, Comte d'Aumale et de Ponthieu. She was born about 1244. In the conflict between his father, King Henry III, and the barons led by Simon de Montfort, Edward at first supported Monfort, but then supported his father, slaying Montfort at Evesham on 4 Aug 1265. Edward took the cross in 1268 and was on crusade at Acre in the Holy Land from May 1271 to September 1272. On his return journey to England he was in the kingdom of Sicily when he learned of his father's death, and paid homage at paris to his cousin the French King, Philippe III, for his French lands. He landed at Dover in England on 2 Aug 1274, and was crowned King of England at Westminster on 19 Aug 1274. Having learned much from the civil war of his father's reign, he embarked on the restoration of royal authority with the institution of inquiries into the authority by which landowners held their jurisdictions and overhauled the civil and criminal law. From 1275 to 1307, he summoned, as had Montfort before him, representatives of the shires and boroughs to parliaments, that is, meetings of the king with the principal men of the realm. This improved relations between the king and the borough communities and committed them to some support of his policies, although Edward had no intention of sharing royal authority. Edward was much concerned with asserting his claims to sovereignty over the whole of Britain. In 1277 he defeated Llewellyn, Prince of North Wales, and in the early 1280s conquered the latter's principality and annexed it to the English Crown. The hereditary Anglo-Norman lords continued to rule the marches of Wales with the overlordship of the English Crown. The dying out of he direct Scottish royal line in 1290 enabled Edward to press his claim to the overlordship of Scotland but he met resistance from his choice as King of the Scots, John Balliol. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, deposed Balliol and sought to occupy the kingdom. William Wallace, a supporter of Balliol, began a successful rebellion, but was decisively defeated by Edward in Falkirk in 1298. Robert Bruce, whose grandfather had been a claimant to the Scottish throne, and who was a rival of the Balliols, rebelled, and was crowned king in 1306. In 1294 Edward had become embroiled in war with his overlord, the French king, Philippe IV, who was asserting himself in the affairs of Edward's Duchy of Gascony. The extortionate demands for services and money to fight Philippe and to suppress Scottish resistance alienated his English subjects in his later years and provoked renewed baronial opposition.

Edward married Margaret Of FRANCE on 10 Sep 1299. Margaret (daughter of Philip III and Marie Of BRABANT) was born in 1275/79; died on 14 Feb 1317 in Marlborough Castle; was buried in Grey Friars Church, London. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As: Marguerite of France

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: 1st Baron Wake of Lyddel

John married Jeanne/Joan DE FENNES about 1286. Jeanne/Joan died before 26 Oct 1309. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]