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1489 - 1541 (51 years)
Generation: 1
Generation: 2
2. | Henry VII King Of ENGLAND was born on 28 Jan 1457 in Pembroke Castle, Wales (son of Edmund TUDOR and Margaret BEAUFORT); died on 21 Apr 1509 in Richmond Palace; was buried in Henry VII's Chapel, Westminster Abbey. Other Events and Attributes:
- Fact 1: Ancestor of Tudor and later Kings and Queens of England
- Fact: 22 Aug 1485, Defeated King Richard III at Bosworth
Notes:
Henry VII (January 28, 1457 - April 21, 1509), King of England, Lord of Ireland (August 22, 1485 - April 21, 1509), was the founder and first patriarch of the Tudor dynasty.
Henry was born in Pembroke Castle, Wales, in 1457, the only son of Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beaufort. His father died two months before he was born, which meant that the young Henry spent much of his early life with his uncle, Jasper Tudor. With the return of Edward IV to the throne in 1461, Henry was forced to flee to Brittany, where he was to spend most of the next fourteen years. After the failure of the revolt of his second cousin, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, in 1483, Henry Tudor became the leading Lancastrian contender for the throne of England. With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II, Duke of Brittany, Henry made an unsuccessful attempt to land in England but turned back after encountering Richard III's (1483?85) forces on the Dorset coast. Richard III attempted to ensure his return through a treaty with the Breton authorities, but Henry was alerted and escaped to France. He was welcomed by the French court, who readily supplied him with troops and equipment for a second invasion.
Rise to the throne
Having gained the support of the in-laws of the late Yorkist King Edward IV, he landed with a largely French and Scottish force in Mill Bay, Pembrokeshire, and marched into England, accompanied by his uncle, Jasper Tudor, and the experienced John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. Wales had traditionally been a Yorkist stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his ancestry, being directly descended, through his father, from the Lord Rhys. He amassed an army of around 5000 soldiers and travelled north.
Though outnumbered, Henry was aware that this was his only chance to seize the throne. Using reinforcements that waited in Nottingham and Leicester his Lancastrian forces decisively defeated the Yorkists under the King at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485 when several of Richard's key allies, such as the Earl of Northumberland and William and Thomas Stanley, crucially switched sides or deserted the field of battle. This effectively ended the long-running Wars of the Roses between the two houses, though it wasn't the final battle. Henry's claim to the throne was tenuous: it was based upon a lineage of illegitimate succession, and overlooked the fact that he had been disqualified by an earlier act of attainder. However this proved to be no barrier to the throne. Following the battle all other claimants were either dead or too weak to challenge him. In the end Henry dealt with the act of attainder by claiming that it could not apply to a king.
The first of Henry's concerns on attaining the throne was the question of establishing the strength and supremacy of his rule. His own claim to the throne was limited, but he was fortunate in that there were few other claimants to the throne left alive after the long civil war. His main worry was pretenders such as Perkin Warbeck, who pretended to be Richard, Duke of York, the younger of the Princes in the Tower and son of Edward IV. These pretenders were backed by disaffected nobles. Henry triumphed in securing his crown by a number of means but principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility, especially through bonds and recognisances, as well as forcing them to disband their private armies. He also honoured his pledge of December 1483 to marry Elizabeth of York, daughter and heir of King Edward IV. The marriage took place on January 18, 1486 at Westminster. This unified the warring houses, gave him a greater claim to the throne due to Elizabeth's line of descent and ensured that his children would be of royal blood (although there is evidence that Edward was born illegitimate).
Henry's first action was to declare himself king retroactive to the day before the battle, thus ensuring that anyone who had fought against him would be guilty of treason. It is interesting to note, therefore, that he spared Richard's designated heir, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln. He would have cause to regret his leniency two years later, when Lincoln rebelled and attempted to set a boy pretender, Lambert Simnel, on the throne in Henry's place. Lincoln was killed at the Battle of Stoke, but Simnel's life was spared and he became a royal servant.
Simnel had been put forward as "Edward VI", impersonating the young Edward, Earl of Warwick, son of George, Duke of Clarence, who was still imprisoned in the Tower of London. Henry had shown uncharacteristic leniency in dealing with Edward and did not find a pretext for executing him until he had grown into adulthood, in 1499. Edward's elder sister, Margaret Pole, who had the next best claim on the throne, inherited her father's earldom of Salisbury and survived well into the next century (until she fell victim to a bill of attainder for treason too, under Henry VIII).
Name:
Henry VII of England, King of England, son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter and heiress of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of somerset, regarded by the remnants of the Lancastrian party as the hope of Lancaster (though from an illegitimate line) on the extinction of the Royal line of the House of Lancaster, having invaded England, defeated and killed Richard III at Bosworth on 22 Aug 1485, chosen King of England on the battlefield, crowned 30 Oct 1485.
Henry married Elizabeth PLANTAGENET on 18 Jan 1486 in Westminster. Elizabeth (daughter of Edward IV 'Plantagenet' King Of ENGLAND and Elizabeth WOODVILLE) was born on 11 Feb 1465 in Westminster; died on 11 Feb 1503 in Tower of London. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
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Generation: 3
5. | Margaret BEAUFORT was born between 31 May 1441 and 1443 in Bletsoe, Bedfordshire, England (daughter of John BEAUFORT and Margaret BEAUCHAMP); died between 29 Jun and 05 Jul 1509 in Westminster Palace; was buried in Westminster Abbey. Other Events and Attributes:
- Fact: Founder of Christ's and St. John's Colleges, Cambridge University
Notes:
Name:
She was a valuable and early patron to Caxton...She was one of the few worthy and high-minded members of the aristocracy, in an essentially selfish and cruel age.
Children:
- 2. Henry VII King Of ENGLAND was born on 28 Jan 1457 in Pembroke Castle, Wales; died on 21 Apr 1509 in Richmond Palace; was buried in Henry VII's Chapel, Westminster Abbey.
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6. | Edward IV 'Plantagenet' King Of ENGLAND was born on 28 Apr 1442 (son of Richard PLANTAGENET and Cecily DE NEVILLE); died on 09 Apr 1483 in Palace of Westminster; was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. Other Events and Attributes:
- Fact: bet. 1461-1470, King of England
- Fact 1: Between 1471-1483, King of England
Notes:
Name:
Edward IV Plantagenet, eldest surviving son and heir, born at Rouen 28 Apr 1442, known as Earl of March till he succeeded his father on 30 Dec 1460 as 4th Duke of York, proclaimed King of England by his supporters on 4 mar 1461, and crowned at Westminster on 29 June 1461, deposed by Richard Neville 'the Kingmaker', 1st Earl of Warwick and 2nd Earl of Salisbury, and fled to Flanders, returned to England 14 Mar 1471, and defeated Warwick and the Lancastrians at Barnet on 14 Apr 1471, and at Tewkesbury, 4 May 1471, died at Westminster 9 Apr 1483, buried St. George's Chapel, Windsor; married, privately, at the manor house of the bride's father at Grafton Regis, co. Northhampton, 1 May 1464, Elizabeth Wydeville (Woodville), born about 1437, crowned at Westminster 26 May 1465, died testate at Bermondsey Abbey, where for some time she had resided, or had been compelled by King Henry VII to reside, on 8 June 1492, buried with the King, her second husband.
Edward IV came to the throne with two aims: to restore the system of justice and to improve royal finances, both of which had suffered during the reign of Henry VI. Edward proved himself an able ruler, and during his reign, which was briefly interrupted, the country enjoyed a well-deserved period of peace.
When Edward became King at the age of 18, he was described by many as a beautiful young man, about 2 metres (6 feet) tall, with polished manners and a genial disposition.
Edward married Elizabeth WOODVILLE on 01 May 1464 in Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire. Elizabeth (daughter of Richard WOODVILLE and Jacquetta Of LUXEMBOURG) was born about 1437; died in 7 or 8 June 1492. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
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7. | Elizabeth WOODVILLE was born about 1437 (daughter of Richard WOODVILLE and Jacquetta Of LUXEMBOURG); died in 7 or 8 June 1492. Other Events and Attributes:
- Also Known As: Elizabeth Wydeville
Notes:
Elizabeth was queen consort of Edward IV, King of England.
Excerpt from Blood Royal: Elizabeth and Edward had Edward V, uncrowned ing of England, and Richard of York, the two princes in the Tower who were believed murdered after the usurpation of the throne by their uncle, Richard III.
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Generation: 4
10. | John BEAUFORT was born before 25 Mar 1404 in Westminster, England (son of John BEAUFORT and Margaret DE HOLAND); died on 27 May 1444; was buried in Wimborne Minster. Other Events and Attributes:
- Fact: 1st Duke of Somerset; Earl of Kendal and Earl of Somerset
Notes:
Name:
Created 'Duke of Somerset', 28 Aug 1443, Captain-General in Aquitaine and Normandy, returned to England disgraced after failure of French campaign, and died soon after testate on 27 May 1444, buried Wimborne Minster.
John married Margaret BEAUCHAMP in or about 1442. Margaret (daughter of John DE BEAUCHAMP and Edith STOURTON) died before 3 Jun 1482. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
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12. | Richard PLANTAGENET was born on 21 Sep 1411 (son of Richard 'of Conisburgh' Of YORK and Anne DE MORTIMER); died on 30 Dec 1460 in Battle of Wakefield; was buried in Pontefract. Other Events and Attributes:
- Fact: Lord Mortimer of Wigmore
- Fact: Earl of March
- Fact: Earl of Ulster
- Name: Richard of York
- Fact: 19 May 1426, 3rd Duke of York
- Burial: 30 Jul 1476, Fotheringhay
Notes:
Name:
Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, son and heir, was born on 21 Sep 1411, and was nephew and heir of Edward 'of Norwich'. He was restored as 3rd Duke of York on 19 ay 1426, though his father's attainder was not reversed till 1461. In right of his mother, heiress of the line of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, 3rd son of Edward III, he claimed the throne in 1460 against the Lancastrian Dynasty represented by King Henry VI.
Richard assumed the name 'Plantagenet' apparently about 1448. Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, was slain at Wakefield on 30 Dec 1460, fighting against the supporters of King Henry VI.
Richard married Cecily DE NEVILLE between 1437 and 1438. Cecily (daughter of Ralph DE NEVILLE, K.G. and Joan BEAUFORT) was born on 03 May 1415 in Raby Castle; died on 31 May 1495 in Berkhamsted Castle; was buried in Fotheinghay. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
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